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• W2937753610 abstract "Early Iran Age settlement on Funen During last thirty years, our knowledge of Early Iron Age settlement on Funen has been enlarged by discovery of many new settlements and graves, so that 504 localities are now known from Pre-Roman, Early Roman and Late Roman periods. A list of finds according to period follows text and these are also plotted on maps figs. 1-4.Figs. 1 and 2 show extent of settlement in Pre-Roman and Early Roman periods of lron Age respectively. The similarity between two maps is apparent. Settlement affects same areas and is almost as dense in former as in latter period. The Pre-Roman settlement first gains momentum from Period II (the Ripdorf stage) however, only 4 finds being known on island from Period I (see note 1). In general, there seems to be no connection between areas cultivated in Early Iron Age and those cultivated in Late Bronze Age (note 2). The massive Iron Age settlement first commences c. 200 B.C. and continues till c. 400 A.D., when it ceases, to judge by subsequent lack of finds at least. In Late Roman Iron Age (200-400 A.D.) settlement becomes more sparse in northwestern part of island (Vends herred) and in coastal strip to east of this (see map 3); otherwise it follows that of two earlier periods. The first three maps are combined in fig. 4.In three maps 1-3, distribution of settlement and grave finds shows a tendency to concentrate in small local tracts. This division has been shown to have some correspondence with later division into administrative districts or »herreder« (notes 4-5) and may be seen clearly in fig. 5, where five ancient types of place­names are plotted, together with administrative district boundaries. Between some of these local tracts, at least, there has been uncultivated and impassable border country.The Early Iron Age settlement constitutes as far as archaeological finds are concerned a compact entity (map 4). This settlement occurs suddenly, since no continuity can be observed between Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The reason for this is probably transition from a transitory cut-and-burn cultivation in Bronze Age to a more permanent agriculture in Early Iron Age, which was perhaps made possible by stalling of animals, whereby their manure became available for use on fields. A corresponding problem concerns cessation of Iron Age settlement around 400 A.D., at which time archaeological finds cease. The reason for this may be, however, that peasants decide about this time to give up dispersed settlement which is indicated by refuse pits of settlements and graves, and instead live together in villages, as we know them from Viking and Medieval periods.Several ancient place-name forms can probably be linked to 600 years of Early Iron Age settlement (figs. 1-3). Therkel Mathiassen and I have in previous works (notes 6, 8-14) tried to show that ancient place-name endings, as recorded in fig. 5, are parts of names which Iron Age peasants gave to dispersed settlement areas but not to villages. In areas of northwest Jutland studied by Mathiassen villages were present in Early Iron Age, whereas on Funen settlement was in general dispersed.The over 200 new finds which have been made since I discussed relationship between place-names and settlement in Early Iron Age, in Fynske Aarboger 1951, corroborate conclusions I then reached. The local settlement tracts which have been described above cover, true enough, a large part of area of island group of Funen, but a comparison between maps figs. 1-5 nevertheless shows an unambiguous correspondence between settlements and five ancient types of place-names. Prominent among these are numerous names ending in -lev and -inge. Their link with Iron Age settlements is shown in scheme on p. 132. This employs hypothetical place-name settlements. The five types of place-names are all well represented within settlement areas of Early Iron Age, so that if each hypothetical place-name settlement is allowed to have a radius of 2 km there must be said to be complete coverage of place-names by Iron Age settlement. This is apparent from percentages in last column. It can also be shown that only a few finds fall outside place-name circles. Some must necessarily do so, as five types of names treated here are not only ancient ones, and may no longer be extant.Each place-name was tied to local settlement tract with its individual farms. Later this name seems to have been transferred to village which local population for unknown reasons, be they economic, technical or defensive, decided to found, probably in Late Iron Age. If this is correct, one should not generally expect to find antiquities of Early Iron Age on site of present villages with ancient names. Prof. Aksel Christensen (note 26) has recently described this situation, the regulated village with a certain commonalty probably existed as a type of settlement by King Gotfred's time ... many were previously founded by neighbours in a dispersed settlement after joint decision.E. Albrectsen" @default.
• W2937753610 created "2019-04-25" @default.
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• W2937753610 date "1970-04-24" @default.
• W2937753610 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2937753610 title "Den ældre jernalders bebyggelse på Fyn" @default.
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