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- W2939846616 endingPage "031506" @default.
- W2939846616 startingPage "031506" @default.
- W2939846616 abstract "Refractory transition-metal diborides exhibit inherent hardness. However, this is not always sufficient to prevent failure in applications involving high mechanical and thermal stress, since hardness is typically accompanied by brittleness leading to crack formation and propagation. Toughness, the combination of hardness and ductility, is required to avoid brittle fracture. Here, the authors demonstrate a strategy for simultaneously enhancing both hardness and ductility of ZrB2-rich thin films grown in pure Ar on Al2O3(0001) and Si(001) substrates at 475 °C. ZrB2.4 layers are deposited by dc magnetron sputtering (DCMS) from a ZrB2 target, while Zr1−xTaxBy alloy films are grown, thus varying the B/metal ratio as a function of x, by adding pulsed high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) from a Ta target to deposit Zr1−xTaxBy alloy films using hybrid Ta-HiPIMS/ZrB2-DCMS sputtering with a substrate bias synchronized to the metal-rich portion of each HiPIMS pulse. The average power P Ta (and pulse frequency) applied to the HiPIMS Ta target is varied from 0 to 1800 W (0 to 300 Hz) in increments of 600 W (100 Hz). The resulting boron-to-metal ratio, y = B/(Zr+Ta), in as-deposited Zr1−xTaxBy films decreases from 2.4 to 1.5 as P Ta is increased from 0 to 1800 W, while x increases from 0 to 0.3. A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD), glancing-angle XRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical Z-contrast scanning TEM, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atom-probe tomography reveals that all films have the hexagonal AlB2 crystal structure with a columnar nanostructure, in which the column boundaries of layers with 0 ≤ x < 0.2 are B-rich, whereas those with x ≥ 0.2 are Ta-rich. The nanostructural transition, combined with changes in average column widths, results in an ∼20% increase in hardness, from 35 to 42 GPa, with a simultaneous increase of ∼30% in nanoindentation toughness, from 4.0 to 5.2 MPa√m." @default.
- W2939846616 created "2019-04-25" @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5008411200 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5010177657 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5020723421 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5048978284 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5052286120 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5064179326 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5069610590 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5073585823 @default.
- W2939846616 creator A5077791406 @default.
- W2939846616 date "2019-05-01" @default.
- W2939846616 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2939846616 title "Strategy for simultaneously increasing both hardness and toughness in ZrB<sub>2</sub>-rich Zr<sub>1−x</sub>Ta<sub>x</sub>B<sub>y</sub>thin films" @default.
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