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• W2940385611 endingPage "H1438" @default.
• W2940385611 startingPage "H1426" @default.
• W2940385611 abstract "A growing body of data provides strong evidence that intracellular angiotensin II (ANG II) plays an important role in mammalian cell function and is involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, fibrosis, arrhythmias, and kidney disease, among others. Recent studies also suggest that intracellular ANG II exerts protective effects in cells during high extracellular levels of the hormone or during chronic stimulation of the local tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Notably, the intracellular RAS (iRAS) described in neurons, fibroblasts, renal cells, and cardiomyocytes provided new insights into regulatory mechanisms mediated by intracellular ANG II type 1 (AT 1 Rs) and 2 (AT 2 Rs) receptors, particularly, in mitochondria and nucleus. For instance, ANG II through nuclear AT 1 Rs promotes protective mechanisms by stimulating the AT 2 R signaling cascade, which involves mitochondrial AT 2 Rs and Mas receptors. The stimulation of nuclear ANG II receptors enhances mitochondrial biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and increases sirtuins activity, thus protecting the cell against oxidative stress. Recent studies in ANG II-induced preconditioning suggest that plasma membrane AT 2 R stimulation exerts protective effects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion by modulating mitochondrial AT 1 R and AT 2 R signaling. These studies indicate that iRAS promotes the protection of cells through nuclear AT 1 R signaling, which, in turn, promotes AT 2 R-dependent processes in mitochondria. Thus, despite abundant data on the deleterious effects of intracellular ANG II, a growing body of studies also supports a protective role for iRAS that could be of relevance to developing new therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the role of iRAS, particularly emphasizing the protective and counterbalancing actions of iRAS, mitochondrial ANG II receptors, and their implications for organ protection." @default.
• W2940385611 created "2019-04-25" @default.
• W2940385611 creator A5021690731 @default.
• W2940385611 creator A5031078707 @default.
• W2940385611 creator A5080565124 @default.
• W2940385611 date "2019-06-01" @default.
• W2940385611 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W2940385611 title "Mitochondrial angiotensin receptors and cardioprotective pathways" @default.
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