FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W294065267> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W294065267 startingPage "37" @default.
• W294065267 abstract "Recent studies have further confirmed that cannabis produces its psychological and behavioural effects by acting on specific cannabinoid receptors in the brain and that the brain also contains naturally occurring cannabinoids known as `endocannabinoids'. Although some recent studies suggest that cannabis may be neurotoxic and that this may explain the effects of cannabis on short-term memory, this review argues that this evidence is not convincing and that there is increasing evidence that many cannabinoids have neuroprotective effects, and may be useful in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most recent evidence relating to the neurotoxic and europrotective effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the brain and to critically evaluate their significance. In doing so I will not attempt to provide an exhaustive summary of the increasingly vast field of cannabinoid neuropharmacology but will focus on key recent developments which have occurred in the last 2 years. The term `cannabinoid' will be used throughout to refer to chemicals which activate the cannabinoid receptors. Some of these are chemically similar to the active ingredient in cannabis - [delta.sup.9]-tetrahydrocannabinol ([delta.sup.9]-THC) - others are synthetic and chemically dissimilar but in some cases still activate the cannabinoid receptors. Collectively, all of these substances are now referred to as `cannabinoids' in a way that is analogous to the term `opioids', which is used to refer to natural and synthetic morphine-like compounds that activate, opiate receptors (Mechoulam, Fride & Di Marzo, 1998). A Brief History Of Cannabinoid Neuroscience Until the 1980's, [delta.sup.9]-tetrahydrocannabinol ([delta.sup.9]-THC) was thought to affect neurons in the brain by dissolving into the lipid (i.e., fatty acid) component of their membranes and disrupting cellular function in a non-specific way. Since cannabis is highly soluble in lipids, it seemed very likely that this was the way that cannabis produced its various psychological and behavioural effects. However, cannabinoid pharmacology changed in the late 1980's when William Devane and colleagues at the University of St Louis Medical School in Missouri demonstrated a specific receptor protein for cannabinoids on the surface of neurons (i.e., an extracellular receptor) which appeared not to bind any other neurochemical (Devane, Dysarz, Johnson, Melvin & Howlett, 1988; see Feldman & Glass, 1998; Ameri, 1999 for recent reviews). This finding was quickly replicated and the study of cannabinoids became one of the most active fields of neuropharmacology throughout the 1990's. It was also demonstrated in these early experiments that activation of the cannabinoid receptor resulted in biochemical effects within neurons, in particular a reduction in the intracellular second messenger, cyclic adenosine-3',5' monophosphate (cAMP). Activation of the cannabinoid receptor produced this effect by activating a so-called `G-protein' (guanine nucleotide binding protein), which acted as a switching mechanism to produce biochemical effects inside neurons (Bidaut-Russell, Devane & Howlett, 1990). By the early 1990's, cannabinoid receptors had been extensively mapped in almost every area of the central nervous system (CNS), including the post-mortem human brain, and the cannabinoid receptor gene had also been identified and cloned (see Feldman & Glass, 1998; Ameri, 1999 for reviews). Cannabinoid receptors were divided into 2 categories: the CB1 receptors which are located in the nervous system (both the central and peripheral nervous systems) and the testis; and the CB2 receptors which are located in many other areas of the body, including various parts of the immune system (see Feldman & Glass, 1998; Ameri, 1999 for recent reviews). In addition to their numerous functions in the nervous system, it is now clear that cannabinoid receptors exist in sperm and may regulate their function; they may influence the response of the immune system to bacterial and viral infections, and they may also be important in cardiovascular function (see Feldman & Glass, 1998; Mechoulam, Fride & Di Marzo, 1998; Ameri, 1999, for reviews). …" @default.
• W294065267 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W294065267 creator A5011234391 @default.
• W294065267 date "2000-06-01" @default.
• W294065267 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W294065267 title "Cannabis on the Brain: Is It Neurotoxic or Neuroprotective?(*)" @default.
• W294065267 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
• W294065267 type Work @default.
• W294065267 sameAs 294065267 @default.
• W294065267 citedByCount "1" @default.
• W294065267 countsByYear W2940652672015 @default.
• W294065267 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W294065267 hasAuthorship W294065267A5011234391 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C118552586 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C128188215 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C148001335 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C169760540 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C170493617 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C25498285 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2776885963 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2776895053 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2777056318 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2777846614 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2780313146 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2780871563 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C2909767651 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C46721173 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C55493867 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W294065267 hasConcept C98274493 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C118552586 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C128188215 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C148001335 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C15744967 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C169760540 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C170493617 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C185592680 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C25498285 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2776885963 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2776895053 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2777056318 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2777846614 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2780313146 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2780871563 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C2909767651 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C46721173 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C55493867 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C71924100 @default.
• W294065267 hasConceptScore W294065267C98274493 @default.
• W294065267 hasIssue "1" @default.
• W294065267 hasLocation W2940652671 @default.
• W294065267 hasOpenAccess W294065267 @default.
• W294065267 hasPrimaryLocation W2940652671 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W1547892477 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W1569350905 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W1999911314 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2030000446 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2036408925 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2065623303 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2073216714 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2080280737 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2087046808 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2103098013 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2112924959 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2403417764 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2414946386 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2569366683 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W2909914912 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W3015140985 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W3021209644 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W3033469112 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W3162230156 @default.
• W294065267 hasRelatedWork W50664319 @default.
• W294065267 hasVolume "29" @default.
• W294065267 isParatext "false" @default.
• W294065267 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W294065267 magId "294065267" @default.
• W294065267 workType "article" @default.