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- W2940898351 abstract "Tannin is a complex organic compound extracted from the wood and bark of various trees and has various potential applications. In South East Asia, equally tannin-rich tree species such as mangrove bark extracts (Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata), Acacia mangium, and Eucalyptus spp. exist abundantly particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Despite their abundancy and potential, these species have yet to be commercially exploited for the extraction of tannin. This chapter aims to explore the nature of tannin and its commercial uses. Tannin as wood adhesives is specifically discussed where they have been used in phenolic resin applications, substituting or partially replacing phenol and resorcinol in traditional wood adhesives. Apart from that, various tannin extraction methods and parameters were also reviewed and compiled. Many analytical methods have been used to quantify tannins in plant materials and some of the chemical characterizations for various types of tannins (principally those that are available in tropical regions, i.e., mangrove, mangium, and eucalyptus) are discussed in this chapter. Case studies reveal that tannin was successfully extracted from both A. mangium and Eucalyptus camadulensis tree barks via sulfitation. The extracted tannin was used as fortification in the production of tannin phenol formaldehyde and tannin urea formaldehyde for bonding tropical hardwood veneers. The 3-ply plywood bonded with these resins met the minimum requirements of standard ISO 12466 for shear strength and wood failure percentage. Likewise, the bond integrity of the plywood was comparable to those bonded with commercial phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde adhesives." @default.
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- W2940898351 date "2019-01-01" @default.
- W2940898351 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2940898351 title "Tannin-Based Bioresin as Adhesives" @default.
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- W2940898351 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816354-2.00007-4" @default.
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