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- W2943510366 abstract "Background Psychological factors are associated with an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease ( IHD ). Women more often report psychological factors, and sex and gender differences are present in IHD . In this meta‐analysis we examine the risks of psychological factors for IHD incidence in women and men. We hypothesize that a broad range of psychological factors are related to a higher risk for incident IHD , with a higher risk for women. Methods and Results PubMed, EMBASE , and Psyc INFO were searched for studies assessing the risk between psychological factors and incident IHD . Psychological factors included depression, anxiety or panic disorder, social support, hostility, anger, personality (type D), type A behavior pattern, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress. In the primary analyses, 62 studies (77 separate reports) that included 2 145 679 women and 3 119 879 men and reported confounder‐adjusted hazard ratios or relative risks were included. Pooled effect confounder‐adjusted estimates from random‐effects models showed that psychological factors (all combined) were associated with incident IHD in women (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% CI , 1.14–1.30) and men (hazard ratio: 1.25; 95% CI , 1.19–1.31). No sex and gender differences were found for these pooled effect estimates ( P =0.547). Conclusions Psychological factors are associated with incident IHD in both women and men, but no significant differences were observed between women and men. IHD is predominantly being studied as obstructive coronary artery disease, which is more prevalent in men. Data are needed on psychological predictors and other manifestations of IHD such as coronary microvascular disease, which is more common in women." @default.
- W2943510366 created "2019-05-09" @default.
- W2943510366 creator A5000853051 @default.
- W2943510366 creator A5026320839 @default.
- W2943510366 creator A5078051254 @default.
- W2943510366 creator A5078178464 @default.
- W2943510366 creator A5078250288 @default.
- W2943510366 creator A5083447971 @default.
- W2943510366 date "2019-05-07" @default.
- W2943510366 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2943510366 title "Sex‐ and Gender‐Stratified Risks of Psychological Factors for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis" @default.
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