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• W2944293709 startingPage "1065" @default.
• W2944293709 abstract "Co-infection of rainbow trout with infections haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum is known to occur, and it has been speculated that a combined infection can result in dramatic losses. Both pathogens can persist in fish in an asymptomatic carrier state, but the impact of co-infection has not been well characterized or documented. In this study, it was hypothesized that fish co-infected with F. psychrophilum and IHNV would exhibit greater mortality than fish infected with either pathogen alone. To test this, juvenile rainbow trout were co-infected with low doses of either IHNV or F. psychrophilum, and at 2 days post-initial challenge, they were given a low dose of the reciprocal pathogen. This combined infection caused high mortality (76.2%-100%), while mortality from a single pathogen infection with the same respective dose was low (5%-20%). The onset of mortality was earlier in the co-infected group (3-4 days) when compared with fish infected with F. psychrophilum alone (6 days) or IHNV (5 days), confirming the synergistic interaction between both pathogens. Co-infection led to a significant increase in the number of F. psychrophilum colony-forming units and IHNV plaque-forming units within tissues. This finding confirms that when present together in co-infected fish, both pathogens are more efficiently recovered from tissues. Furthermore, pathogen genes were significantly increased in co-infected groups, which parallel the findings of increased systemic pathogen load. Extensive tissue necrosis and abundant pathogen present intracellularly and extracellularly in haematopoietic tissue. This was pronounced in co-infected fish and likely contributed to the exacerbated clinical signs and higher mortality. This study provides novel insight into host-pathogen interactions related to co-infection by aquatic bacterial and viral pathogens and supports our hypothesis. Such findings confirm that mortality in fish exposed to both pathogens is greatly elevated compared to a single pathogen infection." @default.
• W2944293709 created "2019-05-16" @default.
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• W2944293709 date "2019-05-09" @default.
• W2944293709 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2944293709 title "Co‐infection of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i>" @default.
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• W2944293709 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13012" @default.
• W2944293709 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31074078" @default.
• W2944293709 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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