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• W2945172994 abstract "Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major risk factor for premature death (1). Few regions of the world experience ambient PM2.5 concentrations as high as the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), home to more than a billion people in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Ground-based monitoring data are incomplete in these countries. However, a robust body of evidence from satellites, urban monitors, and chemical transport models indicates that average population exposures to ambient PM2.5 are 75 to 100 µg m−3 (Fig. 1), with more than 99% of the population experiencing PM2.5 exposures greater than the 10-µg m−3 World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (2, 3). Health consequences of this pollution are severe. In India and other south-Asian countries, ambient PM2.5 ranks among the largest risk factors for premature death (1), shortening life expectancy at birth by 1.5 to 1.9 y (3, 4). What types of emissions controls might it take to substantially address this major health challenge? In many settings, air pollution control efforts focus on large, visible sources such as electric power generation, industry, and transportation. In PNAS, Chowdhury et al. (5) reframe this debate for India by showing that mitigating household air pollution sources—especially cooking and heating with wood and other solid fuels—is an essential component of effective air pollution control.Fig. 1. Distribution of population for south-Asian countries with respect to year-2016 ambient PM2.5 concentrations (4). Equal-sized plotted areas reflect equal populations. The 860 million people in the northern portion of India, defined here as the region north of 21.5°N, live predominantly in the heavily polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain. This region extends into Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, countries which experience PM2.5 similar to northern India.Pollution tends to be symptomatic of other, larger problems. As Chowdhury et al. (5 … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jsapte{at}utexas.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
• W2945172994 created "2019-05-29" @default.
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• W2945172994 date "2019-05-17" @default.
• W2945172994 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2945172994 title "Toward cleaner air for a billion Indians" @default.
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• W2945172994 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905458116" @default.
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