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• W2945697536 abstract "The word “superconductor” (SC) evokes the best-known and most-impressive characteristic of these materials, namely their capability to transport electrical current without dissipation. Zero resistance, though, is not the most fundamental property of an SC and by no means has a trivial explanation. The defining phenomenon in an SC is the Meissner effect, which dictates that, in the presence of a low external magnetic field ( H ), the field inside the SC is zero (1). The Meissner effect implies that if H is high enough the SC phase will be destroyed, i.e., there is a critical field. At intermediate fields, a broad variety of SCs, called “type II,” let most of the field penetrate in the form of “vortices,” while most of the material remains superconducting. This trick allows the critical field to reach dramatically higher values, making these materials technologically useful (1, 2). But there is one problem: In a homogeneous SC, electric currents move the vortices, producing dissipation (resistance R ≠ 0). This technologically detrimental motion can be precluded by the presence of material disorder, which produces “pinning centers” that trap the vortices, as long as the current density does not exceed a critical value, J c (1⇓–3). For five decades, the art and science of improving vortex pinning in SCs has progressed through educated guesses, theoretical modeling, and resource-intensive experimental optimization. Recently, enabled by more powerful computational capabilities and inspired by the “materials by design” new paradigm, an effort to advance toward a systematic “critical-currents-by-design” approach has been underway (4). In PNAS, Sadovskyy et al. (5) continue moving on that path but incorporate a radically different strategy. Starting from a “seed” pinning landscape, they apply a genetic algorithm to allow it to evolve toward a configuration with optimum J c. By informing the engineering … [↵][1]1Email: lcivale{at}lanl.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
• W2945697536 created "2019-05-29" @default.
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• W2945697536 date "2019-05-13" @default.
• W2945697536 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W2945697536 title "Pushing the limits for the highest critical currents in superconductors" @default.
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• W2945697536 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905568116" @default.
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