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- W2945791408 abstract "Functionality is defined as the “quality of being suited to serve a purpose well” (according to the Oxford Dictionary). In polymer science, functionality is commonly used to describe various features of polymers, from individual chemical groups and their reactivity to the unique properties of macromolecules arising as a consequence. The growing literature on “functional polymers” encompasses the impressive levels of control that researchers have in tailoring polymer properties to make them practicably suited to serve a specific purpose. This special issue of Macromolecular Rapid Communications is focused on the synthesis and application of functional natural and synthetic polymers and emphasizes research areas in which such polymers may find use. A polymer chemist's toolbox is extensive, with ample polymerization methods at hand to fine-tune polymer properties. Whether it be via a step-growth polymerisation using renewable components or utilising the precision of reversible deactivation radical polymerisation (RDRP) to synthesize stimuli-responsive coatings, modified surfaces or control the tacticity of polymers. This collection of research articles illustrates the wide-spanning impact of high precision polymer design. Examples include the harnessing of conductive, charge-shifting, thermo-responsive, self-healing, fluorescent or degradable properties. Synthetic conductive polymers find increasing use in thermoelectrics and bioelectronics. Thelakkat and co-workers review topical advances in the synthesis of conjugated polymers, with a focus on polymers with donor-acceptor alternating structures and the consequential implications for charge transport (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800915). Exploiting characteristic conditions found in tumor microenvironments, Such and co-workers summarize applications of pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles with a focus on charge-shifting, degradability, and drug delivery (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800917). In a feature article, Connal and co-workers discuss the synergistic use of multiple dynamic bonds within polymers to influence central materials properties such as mechanical strength, self-healing capacity or conductivity, as well as how to improve on their processability (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900038). The special issue further features a diverse range of research contributions to either make or apply functional polymers. Bio-hybrid materials were synthesized by Cunningham and co-workers via grafting various synthetic polymers from starch nanoparticles using a surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization approach (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800834). Continuing the theme of biopolymers, Loos and Konieczny combined dextrins (degraded starch) as sustainable polyols and an aliphatic triisocyanate-based hexamethylene diisocyanate as a crosslinker to produce smooth PU films with different glass transition and thermal properties (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800874). Thermo-responsive polymeric materials are also important building blocks for smart and stimuli-responsive materials. Hoogenboom and co-workers combined double-stranded DNA and oligoethylene-glycol-modified proflavine DNA intercalators to produce thermo-responsive complexes exhibiting tuneable LCST behaviour (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800900). Similarly, temperature-responsive polymers are commonly employed in nanomedicine applications. Kempe and co-workers advanced the synthesis of functional phosphonate-ester-bearing polymers based on poly(2-oxazine)s by using a combination of CROP and RAFT polymerisation (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800911). The polymers exhibited negligible cell toxicity, LCST behaviour, and stabilized iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions to render them potentially applicable as MRI contrast agents. Imaging probes for biological applications are often based on fluorescent polymer nanoparticles. Li and co-workers developed a synthetic approach to exploit the residual monomer left within micelles after polymerization to prepare ultrabright, heavy-metal-free polymer particles containing multi-carbon dots (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800869). The particles prepared by this method featured high fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous systems, stable fluorescence in a wide pH range, and resistance to photobleaching. Zwitterionic materials exhibit beneficial properties to bio-applications. Schacher and co-workers advanced the synthesis of monomers carrying both an amine and carboxylic acid (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800857). Choosing appropriate protecting chemistry, they could prepare smart polymers, which after relatively mild deprotection steps, yielded polyampholytic polydehydroalanine. This example demonstrates that complex monomer design and subsequent polymerization is generally feasible. However, radical polymerization still lacks enough control over the stereochemistry of the resultant polymers. The Matyjaszewski group achieved control over polymer tacticity, molecular weight, and architecture in poly(hydroxyethyl) arcylamides via a one-pot ATRP in the presence of a Lewis acid yttrium complex (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800877). The process lent itself to producing well-defined stereo-block copolymers via photo-ATRP by adding the chelating Lewis acid after partial conversion of the monomer. Using iodine transfer polymerization, Tsarevsky and co-workers synthesized highly branched polymers containing “degradable” branch points based on hypervalent iodine(III) chemistry, which in turn could be severed by monocarboxylic acids or reducing agents (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900073). Combining different RDRP systems, Kowalewski, Matyjaszewski, and their co-workers produced structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular (STEM) networks containing ATRP initiators (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800876). Through uniformly grafting the STEM network with hydrophobic low Tg polymers, the team formed soft, elastomeric polymer networks, which could be made non-tacky when grafted with a fluorinated polymer. Using polymer grafting, Travas-Sejdic and co-workers introduced a new approach of synthesizing soluble, solution processable, and functionalizable substitutes for polypyrroles by modifying the conductive polymer chain to generate so-called poly(pyrrole phenylene)s (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800749). The polymer modification did not hamper the conductivity and the poly(pyrrole phenylene)s could further be electro-spun into conductive fibres. Finally, I would like to thank all the authors for their submissions and congratulate them on their exciting results. The topic and contributions of this special issue were inspired by scientific discussions at the IUPAC Polymer World Congress MACRO2018 within the theme of “Smart and Functional Polymers,” which took place in Cairns, Australia, in July 2018. I also would like to acknowledge Dr. Mara Staffilani from Wiley-VCH for her editorial and administrative work that made this issue possible. Happy reading, Dr. Markus Müllner" @default.
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- W2945791408 date "2019-05-01" @default.
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- W2945791408 title "Functional Natural and Synthetic Polymers" @default.
- W2945791408 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201900151" @default.
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