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• W2947065727 endingPage "A15" @default.
• W2947065727 startingPage "A15" @default.
• W2947065727 abstract "Context. Beyond NH 3 , only one primary alkylamine, CH 3 NH 2 , has been identified in the interstellar medium and the reason why is still not understood: its formation could occur in the gas phase or in icy environments. Aims. To consider any possible difference between the formation of primary and secondary amines, we studied the hydrogenation processes of CH 3 CN and CH 3 NC, which would lead to the simple primary CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 and secondary CH 3 NHCH 3 amines, respectively. Methods. Experimentally, the hydrogenation of CH 3 CN and CH 3 NC was carried out under ultra-high vacuum, using two beamlines to inject the nitrile/isonitrile and H onto substrate surfaces of gold or water ice. The reactions were monitored using infrared spectroscopy and the products were followed by mass spectrometry. Theoretically, the energetics of the hydrogenation paths were determined using the M06-2X functional after benchmarking against post Hartree–Fock procedures. Meanwhile, a survey of the high-mass star forming region W51/e2 has been performed. Results. Following co-deposition of CH 3 CN and H, we show that these species do not react together between 10 and 60 K. For CH 3 NC we found that the hydrogenation process works all the way through the CH 3 NHCH 3 end product; we also identified the CH 3 NCH 2 intermediate together with side products, CH 4 and HCN, showing that the isonitrile backbone is breaking. These results are consistent with the calculations of a high barrier on the first hydrogenation step for CH 3 CN and a lower barrier for CH 3 NC. Conclusions. The formation of CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 by hydrogenation of CH 3 CN appears rather unlikely in both the gas phase and ice environment whereas that of CH 3 NHCH 3 is a clear possibility. The limiting factor appears to be the efficiency of the tunneling effect through the first activation barrier on the reaction paths. More surveys are required for further insight into the search for amines." @default.
• W2947065727 created "2019-06-07" @default.
• W2947065727 creator A5024068079 @default.
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• W2947065727 creator A5088503451 @default.
• W2947065727 creator A5091107401 @default.
• W2947065727 date "2019-07-29" @default.
• W2947065727 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2947065727 title "Formation of amines: hydrogenation of nitrile and isonitrile as selective routes in the interstellar medium" @default.
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