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- W2948010273 abstract "James D. Ross Jr. provides an important addition to literature on the Southern Tenant Farmers Union (Stfu) during the union's heyday from 1934 to 1937. The Great Depression devastated sharecroppers and tenant farmers in the union's base in Arkansas, while the New Deal's Agricultural Adjustment Administration (Aaa) subsidized landowners to plow under crops to raise the price on the market. Without passing along part of the subsidies to agricultural workers, as the Aaa legislation dictated, plantation owners used the money to replace workers on the land with machines and low-paid day laborers. After the union won increases in day-labor incomes by organizing a strike during the 1936 harvest season, local sheriffs and vigilantes shot, killed, beat, and terrorized people, crushing the union. Ross puts a new spin on these events by delving deeply into letters from union members, showing that they had a clear moral vision, based in evangelical Christianity, that all people had a right to a decent existence and that they should all help each other attain it. Their letters are heartrending, pleading for relief from homelessness, cold, and starvation, yet union leaders had no assets to help them. Ross critiques historians and the Stfu founder Harry L. Mitchell for overemphasizing the union's success in overcoming racial divisions and for focusing too much on the leaders and their socialist ideology. He points to a union survey showing that the majority of members favored a return to sharecropping, in contrast to Stfu leaders who demanded government intervention to create cooperative farming enterprises. Ross also emphasizes racial conflicts, segregation of locals, and black dissatisfaction with white leadership, and concludes that many members left because they felt socialist leaders had become out of touch with their interests and beliefs. (Interestingly, he does not see communist-socialist leadership conflicts as a major cause of union decline.) Most historians of the Stfu would agree with his overview but probably question his thesis that the idea of cooperative farming was a major cause of union decline. I suspect that rank-and-file unionists would have supported anything that worked, but by 1937 it was impossible to go back to sharecropping, and repression had effectively destroyed the union." @default.
- W2948010273 created "2019-06-07" @default.
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- W2948010273 date "2019-06-01" @default.
- W2948010273 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2948010273 title "The Rise and Fall of the Southern Tenant Farmers Union in Arkansas" @default.
- W2948010273 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaz279" @default.
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