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• W2950656555 abstract "Abstract The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, functionally comprised of over 100 billion nerve cells, called neurons, that are precisely interconnected by a sophisticated network of over 100,000 miles of fibrous extensions, called axons. This is a challenging issue to properly regenerate brain tissue. The focus of this chapter is on brain repair, specifically emerging strategies to facilitate regeneration, reconnectivity, and/or reconstruction of these exquisite neuronal–axonal–glial networks following degeneration caused by brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. Focus is given to engineered scaffold-based approaches; in particular, efforts encompassing naturally occurring organic/biologically derived scaffolds (e.g., extracellular matrices [ECMs]), non-ECM polymer-based scaffolds (e.g., hydrogels), and so-called “living scaffolds” (e.g., anisotropic cell-laden scaffolds). In general, these biomaterial/biological scaffolds aim to fill defects, provide structural support, provide guidance cues (generally anisotropic), deliver biological agents, and/or provide preorganized cells. The design criteria for these scaffolds are generally determined by the desired mechanism(s) of action, which for brain repair generally fall into three categories: (1) neuroprotection by providing prosurvival cues (growth factors) and/or supporting cells; (2) cell replacement by eliciting neurogenesis, glial proliferation, orchestrating (endogenous) cell migration, and/or providing new (exogenous) cells, with varying degrees of three-dimensional (3D) architecture; and (3) neurite pathfinding (generally axonal) to restore local connections and/or reconstruct long-distance circuitry. The ultimate goal of these therapies is to prevent cell/axonal loss, promote healing, reconstruct lost neural architecture/connections, and ultimately facilitate functional recovery following nervous system disorders." @default.
• W2950656555 created "2019-06-27" @default.
• W2950656555 creator A5035240780 @default.
• W2950656555 creator A5044466319 @default.
• W2950656555 creator A5045462872 @default.
• W2950656555 creator A5085866606 @default.
• W2950656555 date "2019-01-01" @default.
• W2950656555 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2950656555 title "Scaffolds for brain tissue reconstruction" @default.
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