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- W2950715045 abstract "Thermodynamic analysis was performed for complete reduction of iron oxide during heating the initial system «Fe 3 O 4 (e o mol) – H 2 O (b o mol) – C (excess) » with isothermal exposure. By the nature of ongoing reactions, processes in the system can be divided into four stages. Carbon gasification by water vapor at temperatures below 880 K activates water gas reaction and CO dissociation to form black carbon. Composition of the resulting H 2 – H 2 O – CO – CO 2 gas mixture depends only on the temperature. The consumption of carbon at 880 K is ~0,4446 moles on 1 mole of water. Reduction of Fe 3 O 4 to wustite FeO 1+x with varying degrees of oxidation occurs in the temperature range 880 – 917 K. Hydrogen reduces oxide at temperatures above 888 K. The percentage part of a whole oxide Fe 3 O 4 reduced by hydrogen into this temperature range increases from zero to ~63 %. The total number of Fe 3 O 4 , reduced to wustite at 917 K is ~123 moles for 1 mole of water. It is possible only with repeated regeneration of reductants CO and H 2 according to the reactions of carbon gasification by water vapor and by dioxide CO 2 . The carbon expense is about 78 moles. Wustite FeO 1.092 formed at 917 K can be reduced by monoxide CO only at temperatures of 917 – 955 K to wustite FeO 1.054 with a lower degree of oxidation. Carbon is gasified only by dioxide CO 2 , the carbon expense is approximately 18 moles. When isothermal exposure is ~955 K, wustite is reduced to iron. Wustite can be reduced only by carbon monoxide. The carbon expense is approximately 257 mol. For full reduction of 123 mol of Fe 3 O 4 in a mixture with an excess of carbon in a closed system at 1 atm, 1 mole of water is sufficient. The total carbon consumption is ~353 moles for obtaining 368 moles of Fe, or ~0.21 kg/kg iron." @default.
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- W2950715045 date "2019-06-19" @default.
- W2950715045 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2950715045 title "THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF IRON OXIDES REDUCTION USING CARBON AND WATER VAPOUR" @default.
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- W2950715045 doi "https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-5-394-406" @default.
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