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• W2951207265 abstract "The thesis at hand presents three studies in the area of auditory spatial cognition that were conducted in different vertebrate species. Owing to intense research in the field of allocentric spatial cognition in rodents, a large number of important discoveries about the neuronal substrates of inner, spatial representations of the outer world have been made during the last decades. The utilisation of well-defined animal models has several advantages (standardisation of methods, high comparability between the results from different studies, etc.). Yet, in the research on spatial cognition, it becomes increasingly apparent that the reliance on only a few model species also bears some clear disadvantages. For example, a species-based approach naturally does not allow for statements about the phylogeny and generalisability of an investigated phenomenon. Due to the standardised utilisation of two-dimensional experimental arenas and the provision of mainly visual cues for orientation in past experiments, we further lack knowledge of the dimensionality and modality dependence of allocentric spatial representations. This knowledge, however, can only be gained through a change of the experimental species and by using complex, three-dimensional experimental environments. The first study presented here, therefore, deals with the question, in how far a miniaturised telemetric device that has recently been developed by colleagues from the Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology (Seewiesen, Germany) and tested in zebra finches allows for the characterisation of the receptive fields of neuronal, allocentric spatial representations in the medial temporal lobe of small mammals. To answer this question, it initially was necessary to develop a protocol for the manufacturing of very short stainless-steel microelectrodes (which was done in cooperation with the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.). My recording experiments in awake, freely behaving mice (Mus musculus) and microbats (Phyllostomus discolor) show that the self-made microelectrodes in combination with the telemetric device readily allow for neuronal multi-unit recordings in awake rodents. The possibility to achieve high-quality single-unit recordings, however, seems to be highly dependent on the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological properties of the target area. The here presented method does not allow the recording of neuronal activity from the brain of flying microbats, which is mainly due to the high muscular activity during flight. The second study deals with the utilisation of acoustic landmarks during maze-navigation in visually impaired/blind and sighted but blindfolded human subjects. The maze consisted of three adjacent, interconnected rooms. In short, the study revealed gender-specific differences in some (but not all) of the investigated aspects. The found gender differences are in accordance with previous studies in humans and other mammals in which gender differences in visually-guided orientation have been described. However, the here presented results also indicate that non-spatial internal mediators such as “security seeking” might have amplified these differences. The study further revealed that the visually impaired and blind subjects used the provided acoustic landmarks to a lesser extent than the fully sighted but blindfolded control group. These results might appear to be unexpected at first glance. I concluded that the visually impaired and blind subjects had an advantage over the sighted but blindfolded control in that they were more experienced in the utilisation of passive (and sometimes even active) echoacoustic spatial cues for orientation. They, thus, might have used this additional source of spatial information instead of the landmarks. The fact that most subjects were able to produce accurate, bird-view (i.e. allocentric) plasticine models of the way through the maze after they walked it several times in the complete absence of any visual information indicates that allocentric spatial representations are a- or supramodal. The third study provides a first scientific, physical description of the vocalisations of the bony-fish species Ariopsis seemanni and investigates, whether the spatial dimensions of a test environment (aquarium vs. pool) can critically influence the measuring of such calls. In three subsequent behavioural experiments, it was examined, whether the vocalisations are used for a coarse from of echolocation as postulated in the 1970s. The first two behavioural experiments did not provide supportive evidence for this function of the calls in A. seemanni. The results of the third behavioural experiment, in which some of the experimental animals showed a positive phonotaxic response to the calls of conspecifics, rather point towards a possible role of the calls in school formation and preservation." @default.
• W2951207265 created "2019-06-27" @default.
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• W2951207265 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2951207265 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2951207265 title "Auditory spatial cognition in different vertebrate taxa" @default.
• W2951207265 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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