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• W295250372 abstract "— Prehistoric polished stone tools are now fairly well-known from a petrographic point of view in Northern Italy. Many more than one thousand implements sampled from the most important sites and collections (axes, adzes, chisels, some ornaments and various tools fragments), have been analysed. These artefacts were commonly employed from the Neolithic period onwards for working wood and cutting the forest trees. Surface optical observations, density, thin sections, XRD, microprobe analyses and bulk chemistry have been employed, alone or in combination, for petrographic study oriented to archaeometric interpretation. Alpine eclogites, jades (Na-pyroxenites) and other minor HP (High Pressure) metaophiolites dominate the polished stone lithology of Northern Italy, being at least 70% and often surpassing 90% of stone materials in single sites. Petrographic, geochemical, minerochemical, textural data of the studied rocks are described and discussed in some detail. A number of new definitions are introduced. The provenance of the raw material is identified as being NW Italy, essentially Piedmont and Liguria. These regions represent one of the few geological zones in the world where alpine eclogites and jades occur, both as primary outcrops in the High Alps, alluvial and morainic deposits along the valleys, and Oligocene conglomerates in the Northwestern Apennines. The dominance of eclogites and jades among the prehistoric polished stone tools represents a lithic selection of cultural significance. This selection seems to be justified by litho-technological (best mix of hardness, toughness and density) and aesthetic (fine green colours, translucency) reasons, which caused the exclusion of other, elsewhere common, lithologies. The remarkable presence of jade and alpine eclogite lithologies among the Western and rarely Central European axe blades (mostly status symbol or ceremonial axes) gives evidence of a relevant long distance exportation of HP metaophiolite materials from NW Italy to France, Germany, Benelux, Great Britain, etc., up to1000-1500 km far from the source areas. The still unsystematic petrographic knowledge of the HP-metaophiolitic stones of the axe blades in Europe, as well as in the Italian Peninsula, allows only a preliminary comparison with the better known Northern Italian implements. RIASSUNTO. — La pietra preistorica dell’Italia settentrionale e ora abbastanza ben conosciuta da un punto di vista petrografico. Ben oltre mille strumenti sono stati campionati e analizzati da raccolte di molti siti importanti (lame di asce e accette, scalpelli, ornamenti e vari frammenti). I piu comuni manufatti sono asce/accette che furono comunemente utilizzate dal Neolitico per lavorare il legno e tagliare gli alberi. Osservazioni ottiche delle superfici, densita, sezioni sottili, XRD, analisi di Per. Mineral. (2003), 73, 17-42 http://go.to/permin SPECIAL ISSUE 3: A showcase of the Italian research in applied petrology Eclogites, jades and other HP-metaophiolites employed for prehistoric polished stone implements in Italy and Europe CLAUDIO D’AMICO1*, ELISABETTA STARNINI2, GIORGIO GASPAROTTO1 and MASSIMO GHEDINI3 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita di Bologna, P.za Porta S. Donato, 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Archeologia e Filologia Classica, Universita di Genova, C.so Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy 3 GeaDue, v.le Oriani 9, 40137 Bologna, Italy * Corresponding author, E-mail: damico@geomn.unibo.it An International Journal of MINERALOGY, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY, ORE DEPOSITS, PETROLOGY, VOLCANOLOGY and applied topics on Environment, Archaeometry and Cultural Heritage microsonda e chimica totale sono state usate, da sole o in combinazione, per studi petrografici orientati all’interpretazione archeometrica. Eclogiti alpine, giade (Na-pirosseniti), e minori HP-metaofioliti dominano la litologia della pietra levigata dell’Italia del Nord, essendo almeno il 70% e spesso superando il 90% dei materiali in pietra nei singoli siti. Dati petrografici, geochimici, minerochimici e tessiturali sono presentati e discussi con qualche dettaglio. Qualche nuova definizione e stata introdotta. La provenienza della materia prima e identificata con il NW Italiano, essenzialmente Liguria e Piemonte. Queste regioni rappresentano una delle poche aree geologiche al mondo dove affiorano eclogiti alpine e giade, sia come masse geologiche primarie nella Alte Alpi, sia come depositi morenici ed alluvionali lungo le valli, sia come conglomerati oligocenici nell’Appennino di NW. La dominanza di eclogiti e giade nella pietra levigata preistorica rappresenta una selezione litica di significato culturale. Tale selezione sembra giustificata da ragioni litotecnologiche (la migliore associazione di durezza, tenacita e peso specifico) ed estetiche (bel colore verde, tranlucidita), che provocarono l’esclusione d’uso di altre litologie, che pure sono comuni in altre aree. La rimarchevole presenza di giade ed eclogiti alpine nella litologia di lame d’ascia nell’Europa occidentale (spesso in forma di oggetti di status symbol e asce cerimoniali) e, in minor misura, centrale mette in evidenza una rilevante esportazione su lunga distanza di materiali HPmetaofiolitici dall’Italia di NW verso la Francia, la Germania, Il Benelux, la Gran Bretagna ecc. fino a 1000-1500 km dalle aree di provenienza. La conoscenza petrografica non ancora sistematica delle lame d’ascia modellate in HP-metaofioliti in Europa, come pure nella penisola italiana, permette per ora solo un confronto preliminare con i meglio conosciuti manufatti nord-italiani." @default.
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• W295250372 title "Eclogites, jades and other HP-metaophiolites employed for prehistoric polished stone implements in Italy and Europe" @default.
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