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• W2953174423 abstract "It is not often that one scholar contributes as many seminal works to a field as Louis Pérez has done in both Cuban history and in Cuban-U.S. relations. Just as significant are the many ways in which his corpus has influenced the research agendas of others in these fields. Cuba in the American Imagination, Pérez’s most recent study, summarizes themes in his other works and also moves in a postmodern direction to assay the role of language in the North American view of Cuba.In earlier works, Pérez sought to establish the imperial nature of the relationship, examining everything from U.S. investments to baseball. As a scholar he is an omnivore, keen to gather political, economic, social, and cultural evidence. Pérez has gradually moved on from revisionist political history to such recent work as On Being Cuban. In that book he challenged traditional nationalist and anti-imperialist perspectives to describe a Cuba with its own powerful attraction to the United States. This new effort to view the U.S. image of Cuba through an analysis of discourse is, despite some difficulties, another example of Pérez extending the frontiers of the field.In this work, Pérez studies indirect forms of evidence: metaphors and their expression in North American rhetoric, images, films, novels, monuments, ceremonies, and memorials. He uncovers in them ideas about Cuba that clothe U.S. actions in benevolent terms and allow Americans, despite the historic impact of their policies, to see themselves as liberty’s crusaders.In the nineteenth century, Cuba was thought to be vital to the security and success of the promise of America: a neighbor so close that it must become part of the union; a ripe fruit that would soon fall (from the dying hand of Spain) into the arms of its protector; a place where North American destiny would be made manifest. Briefly, in 1898, Cubans too seemed to play the role of liberty’s crusaders; but once the United States occupied the island, the metaphors were elaborated in a way that placed Cubans on the dependent side of a series of relationships. They were now seen as a “mongrel” population, childlike, lacking discipline, uncivilized, seductive (the women), and dangerous (the men). The view from the North was that the United States would have “given” them independence, but they were not yet deserving of it. Each of these images of Cuba would be realized if the United States lived up to its self-appointed image as parent, liberator, civilizer, modernizer, stabilizer, selfless teacher, and disciplinarian.Anyone familiar with the rhetoric and images regarding Cuba in the North American media will not be surprised at the wealth of metaphors presented by Pérez. The influence of these ways of understanding Cuba shows up in everything from sugar investments to baseball, from tourism to CIA subversion. When Cubans began to challenge these metaphors in the early years of the 1959 revolution, Americans were shocked at their ingratitude and perplexed to see their wards challenge a century-old idea of inevitable gravitation by accepting the protection of the United States’ global antagonist.No doubt the rich and complex history of the relationship between the United States and Cuba is not explained by metaphor alone. Pérez acknowledges this point but still demonstrates, I think, the deep emotional power of these images and the ways in which they influenced the actions of the United States. Still, some aspects of U.S. views of Cuba do not easily fit the array of metaphors presented. Metaphors best explain the “No Transfer” resolution; the failure of efforts earlier in the nineteenth century to purchase or annex the island; the fear of another Haiti; the role of slavery in Cuba (that cut through metaphors with sectional disputes); or the tenets of North American anti-imperialism, especially the Teller Amendment. The century-long willingness of Washington to accept Spanish rule, especially during the first independence war and in the early years of the 1895 rebellion, indicated a pragmatism that metaphor does not allow. Finally, certain metaphors seem ambiguous, such as those that seem to undergird both racial fears and racial confidence.Early chapters attempt to explore the role of metaphor, especially in terms of self-justification and self-representation. The weaknesses of the analysis are those of the mode of interpretation in general. Hegemonic discourse hides in plain sight, and postmodern tools may be necessary to bring it to light. But hegemony is always contested internally and externally. The ways in which these contests challenge, reinforce, or give rise to shifts in metaphor are not well explored in this volume; perhaps Pérez can lead the field in this direction as well." @default.
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• W2953174423 date "2010-05-01" @default.
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• W2953174423 title "Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos" @default.
• W2953174423 doi "https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-172" @default.
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