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- W2954026529 abstract "Diabetic patients suffer from β cell failures that manifest in the loss of β cell mass and/or function. Presently, there is no clinically validated bioimaging probe for the measurement of human pancreatic β cells, which makes early detection of diabetes difficult. Multiple proposed β cell-specific markers have been targeted using radioactively labeled tracers or contrast agents detectable by MRI, PET, or SPECT. Emerging technologies also explore fluorescent low molecular weight probes to target β cells. Currently, many β cell bioimaging tools are studied in a preclinical setting in rodent models and provide valuable proof-of-concept to be further matured. A small number of potential β cell-specific probes have now reached clinical studies. Successful clinical translation could revolutionize the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. When diabetes is diagnosed, the majority of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells are already dysfunctional or destroyed. This β cell dysfunction/destruction usually takes place over many years, making timely detection and clinical intervention difficult. For this reason, there is immense interest in developing tools to bioimage β cell mass and/or function noninvasively to facilitate early diagnosis of diabetes as well as to assist the development of novel antidiabetic therapies. Recent years have brought significant progress in β cell imaging that is now inching towards clinical applicability. We explore here the need to bioimage human β cells noninvasively in various types of diabetes, and we discuss current and emerging tools for bioimaging β cells. Further developments in this field are expected to facilitate β cell imaging in diabetes. When diabetes is diagnosed, the majority of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells are already dysfunctional or destroyed. This β cell dysfunction/destruction usually takes place over many years, making timely detection and clinical intervention difficult. For this reason, there is immense interest in developing tools to bioimage β cell mass and/or function noninvasively to facilitate early diagnosis of diabetes as well as to assist the development of novel antidiabetic therapies. Recent years have brought significant progress in β cell imaging that is now inching towards clinical applicability. We explore here the need to bioimage human β cells noninvasively in various types of diabetes, and we discuss current and emerging tools for bioimaging β cells. Further developments in this field are expected to facilitate β cell imaging in diabetes. also known as the connecting peptide, C-peptide is a short (31 residue) proinsulin polypeptide that links the A and B chains of insulin. This short sequence of amino acids is cleaved during post-translational modification of proinsulin in the Golgi apparatus and is then cosecreted with insulin into the bloodstream at a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, detection of secreted C-peptide is a surrogate marker for mature β cell function given that it is not possible to distinguish secreted insulin from exogenous insulin. the current standard protocol for the transplantation of pancreatic islets isolated from human cadaveric pancreas for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This protocol involves infusion of the islets into the hepatic portal vein while the patient is under immunosuppressive medication. The protocol was first developed at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. employs strong magnetic fields to excite hydrogen atom nuclei, which consequently emit radio-frequency energy that can be imaged. the use of visible, UV, or infrared light to obtain images to visualize organs, tissues, cells, or molecules for the diagnosis of disease. uses positron-emitting radioactive nuclides attached to a ligand to indirectly – following an electron–positron annihilation event – generate gamma rays, which are then detected and reconstructed as quantitatively and temporally resolved 3D images. detects gamma rays emitted by a gamma-emitting radiotracer administered to the subject. an alkylating antineoplastic antibiotic that acts by adding an alkyl group to DNA, often in the context of cancer treatment. Streptozotocin is specifically toxic to mammalian pancreatic β cells that uptake glucose through the GLUT2 glucose transporter. STZ is frequently used to experimentally ablate β cells and induce diabetes in rodent models." @default.
- W2954026529 created "2019-07-12" @default.
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- W2954026529 date "2019-08-01" @default.
- W2954026529 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2954026529 title "Tools for Bioimaging Pancreatic β Cells in Diabetes" @default.
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