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• W2954852194 startingPage "786" @default.
• W2954852194 abstract "We explore the dynamics of inclined temporal gravity currents using direct numerical simulation, and find that the current creates an environment in which the flux Richardson number $Ri_f$, gradient Richardson number $Ri_g$, and turbulent flux coefficient $Gamma$ are constant across a large portion of the depth. Changing the slope angle $alpha$ modifies these mixing parameters, and the flow approaches a maximum Richardson number $Ri_textrm{max}approx 0.15$ as $alpha rightarrow 0$ at which the entrainment coefficient $E rightarrow 0$. The turbulent Prandtl number remains $O(1)$ for all slope angles, demonstrating that $Erightarrow 0$ is not caused by a switch-off of the turbulent buoyancy flux as conjectured by Ellison (1957). Instead, $E rightarrow 0$ occurs as the result of the turbulence intensity going to zero as $alpharightarrow 0$, due to the flow requiring larger and larger shear to maintain the same level of turbulence. We develop an approximate model valid for small $alpha$ which is able to predict accurately $Ri_f$, $Ri_g$ and $Gamma$ as a function of $alpha$ and their maximum attainable values. The model predicts an entrainment law of the form $E=0.31(Ri_textrm{max}-Ri)$, which is in good agreement with the simulation data. The simulations and model presented here contribute to a growing body of evidence that an approach to a marginally or critically stable, relatively weakly stratified equilibrium for stratified shear flows may well be a generic property of turbulent stratified flows." @default.
• W2954852194 created "2019-07-12" @default.
• W2954852194 creator A5028413737 @default.
• W2954852194 creator A5032726673 @default.
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• W2954852194 date "2019-06-28" @default.
• W2954852194 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2954852194 title "Mixing and entrainment are suppressed in inclined gravity currents" @default.
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• W2954852194 doi "https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.430" @default.
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