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• W2955362661 abstract "AbstractArbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) form obligate symbioses with the majority of land plants. These fungi influence the diversity and productivity of plants. AMF are unusual organisms, harbouring genetically different nuclei in a common cytoplasm (known as heterokaryosis). Genetic variability has been shown between AMF individuals coming from the same population. Recent findings showed that genetic exchange between genetically different AMF individuals was possible. Additionnaly, segregation was shown to occur at spore formation in AMF. These two processes were shown to increase genetic variability between AMF individuals.Because of the difficulty to study these organisms, almost nothing is known about the effect of intra-specific genetic variability in AMF on the plant transcriptome. The aim of this thesis was to bring insights into the effect of intra-specific genetic variability in AMF on plant gene transcription. We demonstrated that genetic exchange could influence expression of some symbiosis specific plant genes and the timing of the colonization of the fungi in plant roots. We also showed that segregation could have a large impact on plant gene transcription. Taken together, these results demonstrated that AMF intra-specific variability could profoundly affect the life of plants by altering various molecular pathways. Moreover, results obtained on rice open a field of research on AMF genetics in impromvment of growth in agricultural plants and should be taken into account for future experiments.ResumeLes champignons endomycorhiziens arbusculaires (CEA) forment une symbiose obligatoire avec la majorite des plantes sur terre. Ces champignons peuvent influencer la diversite et la productivite des plantes avec lesquelles ils forment la symbiose. Les CEA sont des organismes particuliers de part le fait qu'ils possedent des noyaux genetiquement differents (appeles heterocaryosis) dans un cytoplasme commun. Il a ete montre qu'il existait de la variabilite genetique intra-specific chez les CEA. De plus, des etudes recentes ont montre que l'echange genetique chez les CEA etait possible entre des individus genetiquement differents tout comme la segregation qui a aussi ete demontree au moment de la formation des nouvelles spores chez les CEA. Ces deux processus ont ete montres comme pouvant creer aussi de la variabilite genetique intra-specific.Du fait de la difficulte de travailler avec les CEA et a cause de la nouveaute de ces recherches, tres peu de choses sont connues sur l'effet de l'echange genetique et de la segregation chez les CEA sur les plantes, et particulierement au niveau moleculaire. Le but de cette these a ete d'apporter la lumiere sur les effets de la viariabilite genetique intra-specific chez les CEA, sur la transcription des genes chez la plante. Nous avons pu montrer que l'echange genetique pouvait avoir des effets sur l'expression de genes specifiques a cette symbiose mais aussi pouvait influencer le timing de colonisation des racines de plantes par les CEA. Nous avons aussi montre que la segregation pouvait grandement influencer le transcriptome complet de la plante, et pas seulement les voies metaboliques specifiques a la symbiose comme cela avait ete montre auparavant.L'ensemble de ces resultats demontre l'importance de la variation intra-specific chez les CEA sur les plantes et leur implication sur leur cycle de vie en changeant l'expression de voies metaboliques. De plus, ces resultats obtenus sur le riz ouvrent un champ de recherches sur les plantes destinees a l'agriculture et devraient etre pris en compte pour des experiences futures." @default.
• W2955362661 created "2019-07-12" @default.
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• W2955362661 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W2955362661 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2955362661 title "Genetic variability in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi : effect on gene transcription of Oryza Sativa" @default.
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