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• W2955492713 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 11First Report of Phytopythium helicoides Causing Root Rot on Peach Rootstock in California PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Phytopythium helicoides Causing Root Rot on Peach Rootstock in CaliforniaG. T. Browne, N. J. Ott, and E. FichtnerG. T. Browne†Corresponding author: G. T. Browne; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-6869USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CASearch for more papers by this author, N. J. OttUSDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CASearch for more papers by this author, and E. Fichtnerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-850XUniversity of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CASearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations G. T. Browne1 † N. J. Ott1 E. Fichtner2 1USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 2University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA Published Online:20 Aug 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1697-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Nemaguard peach has been used widely as a rootstock for commercial almond and peach orchards in California, and several Pythium and Phytopythium species have been associated with Prunus orchard replant growth suppression in the state (Bent et al. 2009; Hendrix et al. 1966; Hine 1961; Schmidt and Browne 2013; Yang et al. 2012). Still, among these oomycetes, pathogenicity on rootstocks for almond or peach has only been established for Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Pythium irregulare (Hendrix et al. 1966; Hine 1961). We isolated Phytopythium sp. from peach rootstock of almond trees affected by root rot (a 2-year-old tree near Sanger, CA, in 2008 and a ∼15-year-old tree near Shafter, CA, in 2009) and roots of stunted seedlings of Nemaguard peach rootstock grown in pots of soils being assayed for potential replant pathogens (soils collected in 2013 from an almond planting near Wasco, CA, and a peach planting near Hanford, CA). The affected root tissues were surface sterilized and cultured in corn meal agar amended with pimaricin (10 mg/liter), ampicillin (250 mg/liter), rifampicin (10 mg/liter), and pentachloronitrobenzene (25 mg/liter). The isolates were hyphal tipped and extracted for total DNA. PCR primers ITS1 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990) were used to amplify internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene, and primers OomCoxI-Levup and Fm85mod (Robideau et al. 2011) were used to amplify from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). Sequences indicated that all four isolates were Phytopythium helicoides (Phe); 643- to 764-bp ITS fragments (GenBank accession nos. KT223573 to KT223576) had 98.2 to 98.9% sequence identity with BOLDSystems isolates of Phe, and 654- to 675-bp COI fragments (GenBank accession nos. MK879707 to MK879710) had 99.69 to 100.00% sequence identity with NCBI voucher sequences for the species. To test the isolates for pathogenicity, 2-week-old seedlings of rootstock Nemaguard were transplanted into 0.6-liter pots of pasteurized sand/peat potting mix that had been infested with single isolates of Phe grown on V8 juice/vermiculite/oat seed substrate. The substrate infested with Phe and sterile substrate used as a control were added at 2.5% (v) to the potting soil (Browne et al. 2015). The plants were watered as needed on a daily basis, either with no flooding or with biweekly, 48-h soil flooding episodes. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Each block had two pots per treatment combination of inoculum and watering regime, and each pot contained one plant. The experiment was repeated with plants that were 2 and 10 weeks old at inoculation, except there were only three blocks of two plants per treatment combination for the 10-week-old plants. All four isolates of Phe suppressed final top and root fresh weights and caused significant levels of root cortex necrosis. Depending on isolate, without flooding, mean top and root weights were reduced by Phe to 23 to 74% of the control weights (plants inoculated at 2 weeks of age) or to 51 to 79% of controls (inoculated at 10 weeks). With soil flooding, Phe reduced top weights to 1 to 8% of controls (inoculated at 2-weeks) or 9 to 26% of controls (inoculated at 10 weeks). In both experiments, Phe was reisolated from roots of inoculated plants but was absent in isolations from control plants. Our results indicate that Phe may contribute to root disease in almond and peach orchards that use Nemaguard peach rootstock. Additional research will be required to determine the prevalence and biology of Phe as a pathogen of Prunus species.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bent, E. A., et al. 2009. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 68:192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00668.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarBrowne, G. T., et al. 2015. HortSci. 50:1136. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.8.1136 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHendrix, F. F., et al. 1966. Phytopath. 56:1229. Google ScholarHine, R. B. 1961. Plant Dis. Rep. 45:462. ISI, Google ScholarRobideau, G. P., et al. 2011. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 11:1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03041.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSchmidt, L. S., and Browne, G. T. 2013. Phytopathology 103:S2.128. ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarYang, J., et al. 2012. PLoS One 7:e46420. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046420 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Almond Board of California.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 11 November 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionAdvanced symptoms of bacterial blotch disease on mushroom caps (Osdaghi et al.). Photo credit: C. Bull. Powdery mildew caused by Golovinomyces neosalviae on Salvia fruticosa (Soylu et al.). Photo credit: S. Soylu. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 4 Nov 2019Published: 20 Aug 2019First Look: 28 Jun 2019Accepted: 21 Jun 2019 Page: 2968 InformationThis article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2019.FundingAlmond Board of CaliforniaKeywordsoomycetestreestree nutsetiologyfruittree fruitsThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFirst Report of Crown and Root Rot Caused by Phytopythium helicoides on Photinia × fraseri in ChinaZiwei Zhou, Jing Yang, Binbin Jiao, Cuiping Wu, and Tingting Dai18 January 2023 | Plant Disease, Vol. 107, No. 1Pathogenicity of oomycete species to different Prunus hybrids rootstocksFrancisco Beluzán, Josep Armengol, and Paloma Abad-Campos1 November 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. jaSurvey of Oomycetes Associated with Root and Crown Rot of Almond in Spain and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora niederhauserii and Phytopythium vexans to ‘Garnem’ Rootstock18 February 2022 | Agriculture, Vol. 12, No. 2" @default.
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