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- W2955764597 abstract "Tight control of secondary cell wall development is essential in vascular plants. In the current model, secondary cell wall development is regulated by a complex network of mostly MYB and NAC transcription factors that bind DNA to influence the expression of cell wall genes and other transcription factors. Recent work has identified a medley of novel regulatory processes that control wall thickening, including miRNA targeting, post-translational modification, protein–protein interactions, chromatin modification, and the involvement of new classes of transcription factors. New findings contribute to a mechanistic understanding of previously observed environmental plasticity and stress responses in secondary cell wall development, particularly with temperature, abiotic stress, and light quality. To provide physical support for developing structures and to withstand the pressures associated with water and nutrient transport, some cells deposit a secondary cell wall, a rigid matrix of polysaccharide and phenolic biopolymers. The biosynthesis and deposition of these materials and the patterning of secondary wall-forming cells is controlled by a network of transcription factors. However, recent work suggests that this network forms the core of a more complex, multilevel regulatory system. This expanded system includes epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation, and is coordinated with other pathways controlling primary growth and responses to environmental stimuli. New findings expand the set of transcription factors identified as secondary cell wall regulators and reveal novel regulatory processes that further govern secondary wall biogenesis. To provide physical support for developing structures and to withstand the pressures associated with water and nutrient transport, some cells deposit a secondary cell wall, a rigid matrix of polysaccharide and phenolic biopolymers. The biosynthesis and deposition of these materials and the patterning of secondary wall-forming cells is controlled by a network of transcription factors. However, recent work suggests that this network forms the core of a more complex, multilevel regulatory system. This expanded system includes epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation, and is coordinated with other pathways controlling primary growth and responses to environmental stimuli. New findings expand the set of transcription factors identified as secondary cell wall regulators and reveal novel regulatory processes that further govern secondary wall biogenesis. a set of AC-rich MYB transcription factor binding motifs associated with regulation of secondary cell wall target genes. the physical change in cell shape and size that, together with cell division at the meristem, increases the height or length of plant structures. the process by which duplicate or redundant genes acquire new functions. the covalent modification of proteins following translation from mRNA. Post-translational modifications can regulate the activity, localization, or turnover of proteins independent of their rate of expression and thus provide an additional layer of regulatory complexity. in lignin biosynthesis, monolignols are transported to the cell wall and enzymatically oxidized to generate highly reactive free radicals. Oxidative coupling between oxidized monolignols and the growing polymer results in the heterogeneous, unpredictable structure of lignin. a highly conserved metabolic pathway in archaea, bacteria, and plants. The shikimate pathway produces the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as a diverse set of secondary metabolites. In plants, these processes take place in the chloroplast. regulatory proteins that bind DNA and regulate the transcription of genes. Transcription factors bind a DNA sequence motif defined by their protein structure and generally interact with basal transcriptional machinery, as well as other regulatory proteins, to activate or repress the transcription of RNA at a genomic locus. a small regulatory protein tag. Ubiquitin occurs ‘ubiquitously’ in cells and is most commonly associated with degradation of specific ubiquitinylated proteins. Canonically, proteins are ubiquitinylated through step-wise interactions with E1 ubiquitin activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, and E3 ubiquitin ligases." @default.
- W2955764597 created "2019-07-12" @default.
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- W2955764597 date "2019-09-01" @default.
- W2955764597 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2955764597 title "Regulation of Cell Wall Thickening by a Medley of Mechanisms" @default.
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- W2955764597 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.012" @default.
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