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• W2957251499 abstract "Spectrins have been known for a long time as submembrane structural proteins, but a study from Lorenzo et al. (1) demonstrates an unexpected role for a neuronal spectrin in axonal transport. Actin and spectrins form specialized submembrane scaffolds important for the morphogenesis, compartmentation, and mechanical properties in a range of differentiated cell types (2, 3). Spectrin assembles the submembrane scaffold that shapes red blood cells—in fact, it was named from the membranous ghosts (specter) of erythrocytes where it was first discovered (4). In these cells, spectrins arrange in a hexagonal pattern, connecting short actin nodes (5⇓–7), generating the toroidal shape of erythrocytes. Spectrins are tetramers made of 2 α- and 2 β-spectrin subunits (αI and βI in erythrocytes) that can stretch between 60 and 200 nm in length (8). The actin/spectrin scaffold thus provides flexibility and mechanical resistance to the large deformations that erythrocytes undergo along small capillaries (9).In neurons, a protein resembling spectrin had been identified and initially named fodrin (10). Fodrin was later found to be the general spectrin present in most cells (11), and later shown to consist of αII- and βII-spectrin tetramers (12). These spectrins assemble under the plasma membrane in cultured cells (10, 13) and in neurons (10, 14), but their precise arrangement remained unknown until recently. In 2013, superresolution optical microscopy images showed that spectrins assemble axially along the axon and parts of dendrites, with tetramers forming a succession of cylinders connecting actin rings (15). Due to the 190-nm length of the neuronal spectrin tetramer (16, 17), this results in a scaffold containing submembrane actin rings regularly spaced every 190 nm along the axon … [↵][1]1Email: christophe.leterrier{at}univ-amu.fr. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
• W2957251499 created "2019-07-23" @default.
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• W2957251499 date "2019-07-09" @default.
• W2957251499 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2957251499 title "A dual role for βII-spectrin in axons" @default.
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• W2957251499 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909789116" @default.
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