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• W2959452458 abstract "AEI Aquaculture Environment Interactions Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AEI 11:445-457 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00321 Snorkel technology to reduce sea lice infestations: efficacy depends on salinity at the farm site, but snorkels have minimal effects on salmon production and welfare Frode Oppedal1, Samantha Bui1, Lars H. Stien1, Kathy Overton2, Tim Dempster2,* 1Institute of Marine Research, 5984 Matredal, Norway 2Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia *Corresponding author: dempster@unimelb.edu.au ABSTRACT: Sea lice are a critical health issue in most salmonid farming regions. New cage-based technologies can prevent infestations from occurring, such as the ‘snorkel’, which introduces an impermeable barrier that separates salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the surface waters where lice are most abundant. While snorkels provide protection from lice, their lice-reducing effect can vary under different environmental conditions. We conducted production-scale sea-cage experiments at 2 sites with contrasting salinity environments in Norway. At the coastal site, with a weak and unsystematic halocline, snorkels reduced lice infestations by 76%. However, at the fjord site, with brackish surface waters and a strong halocline, snorkels did not reduce lice relative to control cages, likely because both lice and salmon remained deeper in the water column below the brackish layer, and infection rate was similar. At the fjord site, as lice numbers between snorkel and control cages were similar, we tested for differences in the absence of the potentially confounding effect of different lice levels. Snorkel cages at the fjord site modified swimming speeds (1.14 times faster), surface breaching behaviours (2.8 times less), and total echo-sounder signal strength of fish (an index of swim bladder fullness; 30-40% less) relative to control cages. Production parameters remained similar, but snout condition was poorer in snorkel cages, suggesting more frequent contact with cage netting. Our results suggest that salinity is a significant environmental factor that alters the lice-reducing efficacy of depth-based technologies such as snorkels. Further, snorkels affect salmon behaviour, which must be considered in welfare assessments of their use. KEY WORDS: Atlantic salmon · Behaviour · Salmo salar · Salmon lice · Swimming activity · Lepeophtheirus salmonis · Aquaculture Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Oppedal F, Bui S, Stien LH, Overton K, Dempster T (2019) Snorkel technology to reduce sea lice infestations: efficacy depends on salinity at the farm site, but snorkels have minimal effects on salmon production and welfare. Aquacult Environ Interact 11:445-457. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00321 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AEI Vol. 11. Online publication date: September 05, 2019 Print ISSN: 1869-215X; Online ISSN: 1869-7534 Copyright © 2019 Inter-Research." @default.
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• W2959452458 title "Snorkel technology to reduce sea lice infestations: efficacy depends on salinity at the farm site, but snorkels have minimal effects on salmon production and welfare" @default.
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