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• W2962887029 abstract "Identifying shared quantitative features of a neural circuit across species is important for 3 reasons. Often expressed in the form of power laws and called scaling relationships [1Finlay B.L. Darlington R.B. Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains.Science. 1995; 268: 1578-1584Crossref PubMed Scopus (945) Google Scholar, 2Baron G. Stephan H. Frahm H.D. Comparison of brain structure volumes in Insectivora and primates. VI. Paleocortical components.J. Hirnforsch. 1987; 28: 463-477PubMed Google Scholar], they reveal organizational principles of circuits, make insights gleaned from model systems widely applicable, and explain circuit performance and function, e.g., visual circuits [3Stevens C.F. An evolutionary scaling law for the primate visual system and its basis in cortical function.Nature. 2001; 411: 193-195Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar, 4Srinivasan S. Carlo C.N. Stevens C.F. Predicting visual acuity from the structure of visual cortex.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015; 112: 7815-7820Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar]. The visual circuit is topographic [5Hubel D.H. Wiesel T.N. Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex.J. Physiol. 1962; 160: 106-154Crossref PubMed Scopus (8579) Google Scholar, 6Seabrook T.A. Burbridge T.J. Crair M.C. Huberman A.D. Architecture, function, and assembly of the mouse visual system.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2017; 40: 499-538Crossref PubMed Scopus (131) Google Scholar], wherein retinal neurons target and activate predictable spatial loci in primary visual cortex. The brain, however, contains many circuits, where neuronal targets and activity are unpredictable and distributed throughout the circuit, e.g., olfactory circuits, in which glomeruli (or mitral cells) in the olfactory bulb synapse with neurons distributed throughout the piriform cortex [7Stettler D.D. Axel R. Representations of odor in the piriform cortex.Neuron. 2009; 63: 854-864Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (380) Google Scholar, 8Illig K.R. Haberly L.B. Odor-evoked activity is spatially distributed in piriform cortex.J. Comp. Neurol. 2003; 457: 361-373Crossref PubMed Scopus (166) Google Scholar, 9Rennaker R.L. Chen C.-F.F. Ruyle A.M. Sloan A.M. Wilson D.A. Spatial and temporal distribution of odorant-evoked activity in the piriform cortex.J. Neurosci. 2007; 27: 1534-1542Crossref PubMed Scopus (148) Google Scholar, 10Poo C. Isaacson J.S. Odor representations in olfactory cortex: “sparse” coding, global inhibition, and oscillations.Neuron. 2009; 62: 850-861Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (335) Google Scholar]. It is unknown whether such circuits, which we term distributed circuits, are scalable. To determine whether distributed circuits scale, we obtained quantitative descriptions of the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex in six mammals using stereology techniques and light microscopy. Two conserved features provide evidence of scalability. First, the number of piriform neurons n and bulb glomeruli g scale as n∼g3/2. Second, the average number of synapses between a bulb glomerulus and piriform neuron is invariant at one. Using theory and modeling, we show that these two features preserve the discriminatory ability and precision of odor information across the olfactory circuit. As both abilities depend on circuit size, manipulating size provides evolution with a way to adapt a species to its niche without designing developmental programs de novo. These principles might apply to other distributed circuits like the hippocampus." @default.
• W2962887029 created "2019-07-30" @default.
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• W2962887029 date "2019-08-01" @default.
• W2962887029 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W2962887029 title "Scaling Principles of Distributed Circuits" @default.
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• W2962887029 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.046" @default.
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