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- W2964476781 abstract "Abstract Ethanol consumption is related to pathological changes in various organs across all age groups. The consequences of ethanol exposure on neurodevelopment are a critical public health problem, mainly affecting people’s lives during their childhood and adolescence. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to revise the literature regarding the consequences of ethanol exposure during neurodevelopment. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain how alcohol can produce deleterious effects on the developing brain; however, the type and extent of the damage depends on the dosage, time of exposure, and stage of brain development along with other maternal and genetic factors. In this regard, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) disrupts brain development causing long-term impairment in cognitive, motor, and behavioral functions. Alcohol consumption is considered the primary, potentially preventable, cause of intellectual disabilities. High levels of alcohol consumption during the gestational period may result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which are considered as a set of permanent conditions characterized by typical craniofacial dysmorphology, deficiency in prenatal and postnatal growth, central nervous system dysfunction, and several associated malformations. Also, psychiatric illness, including depression, anxiety, and reduction in cognitive abilities are possible outcomes associated with fetal ethanol exposure. Moreover, studies have shown an association between PAE and impaired verbal and visual–spatial episodic memory performance in children and teenagers. To date, few investigations have clarified the mechanisms underlying the neurochemical and neurobiological alterations caused by prenatal ethanol exposure. These preliminary evidences reveal a relationship between impaired social behavior and the presence of altered structural plasticity and gene expression in the frontal cortex of adult offspring prenatally exposed to ethanol (in moderate levels)." @default.
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- W2964476781 date "2019-01-01" @default.
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- W2964476781 title "Consequences of Ethanol Exposure on Neurodevelopment" @default.
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- W2964476781 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813125-1.00006-4" @default.
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