Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2965141591> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2965141591 endingPage "1429" @default.
- W2965141591 startingPage "1391" @default.
- W2965141591 abstract "Abstract. This study attempts a new identification of mechanisms of secondary ice production (SIP) based on the observation of small faceted ice crystals (hexagonal plates or columns) with typical sizes smaller than 100 µm. Due to their young age, such small ice crystals can be used as tracers for identifying the conditions for SIP. Observations reported here were conducted in oceanic tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and midlatitude frontal clouds in the temperature range from 0 to −15 ∘C and heavily seeded by aged ice particles. It was found that in both MCSs and frontal clouds, SIP was observed right above the melting layer and extended to higher altitudes with colder temperatures. The roles of six possible mechanisms to generate the SIP particles are assessed using additional observations. In most observed SIP cases, small secondary ice particles spatially correlated with liquid-phase, vertical updrafts and aged rimed ice particles. However, in many cases, neither graupel nor liquid drops were observed in the SIP regions, and therefore, the conditions for an active Hallett–Mossop process were not met. In many cases, large concentrations of small pristine ice particles were observed right above the melting layer, starting at temperatures as warm as −0.5 ∘C. It is proposed that the initiation of SIP above the melting layer is stimulated by the recirculation of large liquid drops through the melting layer with convective turbulent updrafts. After re-entering a supercooled environment above the melting layer, they impact with aged ice, freeze, and shatter. The size of the splinters generated during SIP was estimated as 10 µm or less. A principal conclusion of this work is that only the freezing-drop-shattering mechanism could be clearly supported by the airborne in situ observations." @default.
- W2965141591 created "2019-08-13" @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5003145204 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5016084791 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5022550765 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5024761621 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5028514038 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5049242216 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5053035725 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5089514641 @default.
- W2965141591 creator A5089845348 @default.
- W2965141591 date "2020-02-05" @default.
- W2965141591 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2965141591 title "A new look at the environmental conditions favorable to secondary ice production" @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1492288011 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1513466144 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1872372576 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1964384084 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1973253349 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1981052895 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1991349526 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1996531585 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1998603987 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W1999031046 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2001717470 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2002591895 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2002898709 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2015618423 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2017166586 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2018909690 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2019331607 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2019775760 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2022164742 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2025411867 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2029646713 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2037399424 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2038810603 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2048133120 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2051722342 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2051971694 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2054723735 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2056275785 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2057308198 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2060398853 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2061154859 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2063921872 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2064835592 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2068871446 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2072694765 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2076432100 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2079219991 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2081716334 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2091277233 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2093320107 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2102252850 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2102791407 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2103719178 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2103916939 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2106976188 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2108284535 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2109711099 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2109984465 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2112330104 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2112546795 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2119276033 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2121311305 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2124613947 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2127660958 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2129502617 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2130575440 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2137340260 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2137393117 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2141690292 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2151477402 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2153113147 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2156857940 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2168682651 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2171293108 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2177044234 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2210130261 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2314328627 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2462133879 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2544140323 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2559556773 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2577369584 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2591347487 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2593887101 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2602952667 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2606202813 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2606916698 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2607103257 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2607344357 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2607396135 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2609890431 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2618530766 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2682860580 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2753669009 @default.
- W2965141591 cites W2786535480 @default.