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- W2965167496 abstract "939 Currently, most methods available to study the behavior of metastatic tumor cells are indirect or capture only brief periods. Problematic with these assays are an inability to follow the complete metastatic program including extravasation, invasion, establishment and growth of the metastatic mass. As such, we are developing an ex vivo model in which tumor cells can be analyzed while in the environment of a major metastatic target, the liver. In this study we assessed whether prostate cancer metastasis, which is among the leading causes of deaths in American males in the United States, could be recreated in a liver bioreactor and observed in real time. In order to accomplish this we utilized a three dimensional liver perfusion culture (bioreactor), which allows for in situ observation and ensures a relatively homogeneous distribution of flow and mass transfer throughout the system to meet the metabolic demands of the livers cells augmented by an appropriate scaffold which facilitates morphogenesis of primary cells into tissue-like structures. This system, formally named a Micro-fabricated Array Bioreactor, affords for the recreation of an in vivo environment for in vitro observation and provides for an optimal device for the study of physiological events. Hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells were obtained and introduced into the bioreactor utilizing established protocols. After allowing 5 days of observed hepatic tissue morphogenesis, DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells expressing GFP or RFP were introduced into the bioreactor. In situ observation of the co-culture system was observed by fluorescence microscopy over a 30 day period. The rate of growth of prostate cancer cells was assessed with a custom designed spectofluorometer to measure GFP fluorescent intensity throughout the initial growth of the cancer. Tissue architecture of hepatocytes and prostate cancer cells was directly visualized in real time by 2-photon microscopy along with light microscopy. Fluorescent intensity of co-cultures revealed ongoing cell proliferation of the DU-145 cells, which correlated with a visually observed overgrowth of DU-145 cells by 14 days. DU-145 WT cells failed to grow without hepatocytes or even in a 2-D mixed culture. This tumor mass growth resulted in a decline in hepatocyte tissue structure and function. Also metastasis of overflowing DU-145 cells to adjacent hepatocyte filled channels not containing DU-WT cells was observed during this process by 14 days. Histological examination of the tissue revealed DU-145 WT cells invading the hepatocyte parenchyma by 15 days. Finally, biochemical analysis revealed expression of biomarkers associated with prostate cancer and decrease in albumin and urea by the hepatocytes. Although only preliminary, these experiments provide the basis for the development of and ex vivo model system in which to observe and potentially dissect the dynamic process of tumor invasion and metastasis." @default.
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- W2965167496 date "2004-04-01" @default.
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- W2965167496 title "Direct visualization of prostate cancer progression utilizing a bioreactor" @default.
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