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• W2965510816 abstract "The health benefits of fasting have been known for at least 2400 years (e.g. Plato). More recently, controlled experiments have documented anti-epileptic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-longevity effects of caloric restriction, fasting, and counterintuitively high-fat/low-carbohydrate diets. One molecular commonality among these interventions is the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically ketone bodies, which are produced when fat is used as the primary energy source in the absence of sufficient carbohydrates. It was first shown in 2012, that Βeta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), a ketone body SCFA, could protect kidneys from oxidative damage while inhibiting the activity of epigenetic modifying enzymes, namely histone deacetylases (HDACs), at concentrations as low as 1 mM. These findings have since been expanded to other organs including the brain. The serum concentration of β-OHB can reach over 2 mM with relatively short periods of fasting or intense exercise, while prolonged fasting or high-fat/low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets can produce concentrations of β-OHB over 5 mM. Thus, with diet manipulation, effective doses of endogenous HDAC inhibitors are distributed systemically. Additional effects of SCFAs have been identified, including metabolic and G-protein coupled receptor mediated, and will be discussed. When coupled with recent attention to the gut microbiome derived butyrate (also an HDAC inhibitor) as a potential anti-inflammatory molecule, short chain fatty acid research is redefining our understanding of the links between diet and health at the molecular level. This chapter will discuss short chain fatty acids including β-OHB, and the mechanisms by which they protect against neurocognitive and mood disorders, which together, directly impact nearly 50% of the US population over the lifespan." @default.
• W2965510816 created "2019-08-13" @default.
• W2965510816 creator A5018591794 @default.
• W2965510816 creator A5072720460 @default.
• W2965510816 date "2019-01-01" @default.
• W2965510816 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2965510816 title "Short chain fatty acids as epigenetic and metabolic regulators of neurocognitive health and disease" @default.
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• W2965510816 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816843-1.00023-0" @default.
• W2965510816 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
• W2965510816 type Work @default.

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