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• W2966317884 endingPage "e0220358" @default.
• W2966317884 startingPage "e0220358" @default.
• W2966317884 abstract "The range of c. 1012 ambient light levels to which we can be exposed massively exceeds the <103 response range of neurons in the visual system, but we can see well in dim starlight and bright sunlight. This remarkable ability is achieved largely by a speeding up of the visual response as light levels increase, causing characteristic changes in our sensitivity to different rates of flicker. Here, we account for over 65 years of flicker-sensitivity measurements with an elegantly-simple, physiologically-relevant model built from first-order low-pass filters and subtractive inhibition. There are only two intensity-dependent model parameters: one adjusts the speed of the visual response by shortening the time constants of some of the filters in the direct cascade as well as those in the inhibitory stages; the other parameter adjusts the overall gain at higher light levels. After reviewing the physiological literature, we associate the variable gain and three of the variable-speed filters with biochemical processes in cone photoreceptors, and a further variable-speed filter with processes in ganglion cells. The variable-speed but fixed-strength subtractive inhibition is most likely associated with lateral connections in the retina. Additional fixed-speed filters may be more central. The model can explain the important characteristics of human flicker-sensitivity including the approximate dependences of low-frequency sensitivity on contrast (Weber’s law) and of high-frequency sensitivity on amplitude (“high-frequency linearity”), the exponential loss of high-frequency sensitivity with increasing frequency, and the logarithmic increase in temporal acuity with light level (Ferry-Porter law). In the time-domain, the model can account for several characteristics of flash sensitivity including changes in contrast sensitivity with light level (de Vries-Rose and Weber’s laws) and changes in temporal summation (Bloch’s law). The new model provides fundamental insights into the workings of the visual system and gives a simple account of many visual phenomena." @default.
• W2966317884 created "2019-08-13" @default.
• W2966317884 creator A5071684235 @default.
• W2966317884 creator A5078752522 @default.
• W2966317884 creator A5091585769 @default.
• W2966317884 date "2019-08-07" @default.
• W2966317884 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2966317884 title "Light adaptation controls visual sensitivity by adjusting the speed and gain of the response to light" @default.
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• W2966317884 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220358" @default.
• W2966317884 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6685682" @default.
• W2966317884 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31390358" @default.
• W2966317884 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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