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• W2968356218 abstract "Event Abstract Back to Event Effectivenness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams. Antonella Carosi1, 2*, Gianfrancesco Bonomo2 and Massimo Lorenzoni2 1 University of Perugia, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Italy The introduction of exotic species is considered one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. The impact of alien species is particularly serious in the upper river stretches of Mediterranean watercourses, where the negative effects of alien trout on native trout populations are added to other anthropogenic stressors, as habitat alterations, water pollution and overfishing. The introgressive hybridization with the Atlantic trout represents one of the main threats to the Mediterranean trout (Lorenzoni et al., 2018; Splendiani et al., 2016). The aim of the research was to test the effectiveness of alien brown trout removal activities carried out by electrofishing in four streams of the Apennine area (Central Italy) (Fig. 1). The eradication activities were included among the concrete conservation actions carried out within the LIFE+ TROTA – Trout population RecOvery in central iTAly (LIFE12 NAT/IT/000940) project, started in November 2013 and finished in January 2018. Based on the genetic, demographic, and ecological characterization, four river stretches (one for each watercourse) were selected for the alien trout eradication programs and for the next re-introduction of Mediterranean trout (Fig. 1). The suitability of the sites was assessed on the basis of the severe introgression level of the trout populations occurring (frequency of Atlantic variants above 90% for the mtDNA and above 80% for the LDH-C1* locus) (Splendiani et al., 2019), and of the isolation of the eradicated stretches from the rest of the basin, by the presence of natural and/or human-made weirs insurmountable from fish fauna. The length of the selected river stretches was included between 433 and 4384 m, while the width ranged from 1.6 to 3.2 m. Each site to be eradicated has been divided into 5-6 sectors; in each site operated a team of at least 3-4 people, equipped with electric shockers. The removal activities were carried out from December 2014 to July 2017, for a total of 10 eradication campaigns in each site (except for the Gorga creek where the removal operations were 11). To have comparison data available, two fish samplings (preliminary surveys) were carried out before the removal activities (from March 2014 to May 2015). At the end of the eradication interventions, started the reintroduction of pure juveniles trout in the eradicated stretches. In order to estimate the density (ind m-2) and standing crop (g m-2) of trout populations, in each removal occasion the two-pass electrofishing was applied (Moran, 1951; Zippin, 1956). Age was attributed to each specimen using the scalimetric method (Bagenal, 1978). Within each site, the quantitative sampling was carried out in a stretch length included between 75 and 145 m, in downstream to upstream direction for two consecutive times, applying the same fishing effort. During each field activity, five environmental and chemical-physical parameters (flow rate, conductivity, average depth, average width, accessibility) were collected, since they could influence both the effectiveness of the electrofishing and the biological characteristics of the fish populations. To evaluate the effects and the effectiveness of the eradication activities, the catchability (Moran, 1951; Zippin, 1956) and the relative weight (Angeli et al., 2009) were also estimated. For each trout population, the length-weight relationship (Ricker, 1975) and the theoretical growth in length (Von Bertalanffy, 1938) were evaluated. Over 22,000 trout individuals, accounting for over 700 kg, were removed from the eradicated sites. The size of the sampled fish ranged from 3.0 to 43.5 cm (mean ± SD = 12.41 ± 0.11) and weight from 0.6 to 10258.0 g (mean ± SD = 46.47 ± 1.45). Nine age classes (0+ to 8+) were identified. For each eradicated site, a progressive drastic decrease over time in density and standing crop values was observed for the alien trout population. Removal rates varied between a minimum of 94.22% and a maximum of 100.00% for density, and a minimum of 96.57% and a maximum of 100.00% for standing crop. The correlation analysis showed an inverse relationship between catchability and populations abundance (density: r = -0.71, p < 0.05; standing crop: r = -0.58, p < 0.05), confirming that populations characterized by modest density are more suitable to eradication interventions. However, the removal of specimens improves the catchability and reduces the abundance of populations over time (Fig. 2), and hence even the largest populations can be eradicated, providing the sufficient number of steps in a fishing season, and taking into account the density-dependent factors acting on trout population dynamics. The comparison of populations growth and relative weight between different periods (before and during eradication), seems to confirm the key role that intraspecific competition and density-dependent phenomena play in the Apennine trout populations. Benefited by the high availability of food caused by the reduction of intraspecific competition, the specimens that escaped capture succeed in having a better growth, a good body condition and a more effective reproductive performance in the subsequent spawning seasons, guaranteeing particularly high recruitment rates in conditions of very low density that characterize the eradicated environments. The results obtained in the present research represent an important contribution to evaluate the concrete possibility of using electrofishing in trout eradication programs, especially in watercourses of modest dimensions in terms of flow rates, width and depth, and for populations characterized by modest abundance values. Electrofishing eradication turned out to be a very effective management tool, succeeding in the case of the Apennine watercourses to cause a drastic decrease in density and standing crop values for all the Atlantic trout populations considered. In all the sites, the almost complete removal of the pre-existing individuals has been achieved, and this result is particularly important in view of the fact that a complete eradication in a natural environment, and for a long-established alien species, is often difficult to implement. Figure 1 Figure 2 Acknowledgements This work was funded by Life+ TROTA Project (LIFE12 NAT/IT/0000940) for the recovery and conservation of Mediterranean trout (Salmo trutta complex) in the central Apennines (Italy), within the framework of the European Commission Life Projects. The authors wish to thank all of the people who joined in the field activities during the project. References Angeli V., Bicchi A., Carosi A., Spigonardi M. P., Pedicillo G., Lorenzoni M., (2009). Proposed standard weight equations for brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) and Barbus tyberinus Bonaparte, 1839 in the river Tiber basin (Italy). Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, 2: 21-29. Bagenal T. B., (1978). Fish production in freshwaters. Ed. Blackwell, London, 365 pp. Lorenzoni M., Carosi A., Giovannotti M., La Porta G., Splendiani A., Caputo Barucchi V., (2018). Population status of the native Cottus gobio after removal of the alien Salmo trutta: a case-study in two Mediterranean streams (Italy). Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst., 419, 22. Moran P. A. P., (1951). A mathematical theory of animal trapping. Biometrika, 38: 307-311. Ricker W. E., (1975). Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bullettin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 191: 1-382. Splendiani A., Ruggeri P., Giovannotti M., Pesaresi S., Occhipinti G., Fioravanti T., Lorenzoni M., Nisi Cerioni P., Caputo Barucchi V., (2016). Alien brown trout invasion of the Italian Peninsula: the role of geological, climate and anthropogenic factors. Biological invasion, 18: 2029-2044. Splendiani A., Giovannotti M., Righi T., Fioravanti T., Nisi Cerioni P., Lorenzoni M., Carosi A., La Porta G., Caputo Barucchi V. (2019). Introgression despite protection: the case of native brown trout in Natura 2000 network in Italy. Conservation Genetics, 20(2): 343-356. von Bertalanffy L. 1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth. Hum Biol 10: 181–243. Zippin C., (1956). An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations. Biometrics, 12: 163-189. Keywords: Atlantic trout, Mediterranean trout, Apennine streams, Eradication programs, Electrofishing, biodiversity conservation Conference: XVI European Congress of Ichthyology, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2 Sep - 6 Sep, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Topic: THREATS AND CONSERVATION Citation: Carosi A, Bonomo G and Lorenzoni M (2019). Effectivenness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams.. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XVI European Congress of Ichthyology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fmars.2019.07.00146 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 22 Jul 2019; Published Online: 14 Aug 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Antonella Carosi, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, acarosi@libero.it Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Antonella Carosi Gianfrancesco Bonomo Massimo Lorenzoni Google Antonella Carosi Gianfrancesco Bonomo Massimo Lorenzoni Google Scholar Antonella Carosi Gianfrancesco Bonomo Massimo Lorenzoni PubMed Antonella Carosi Gianfrancesco Bonomo Massimo Lorenzoni Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page." @default.
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• W2968356218 title "Effectivenness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams." @default.
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