Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2969597218> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2969597218 endingPage "2910" @default.
- W2969597218 startingPage "2897" @default.
- W2969597218 abstract "Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been extensively used because of their lower nonrecurring engineering and design costs, instant availability and reduced visibility of failure, high performance, and power benefits. Reports indicate that previously used or recycled FPGAs are infiltrating the electronics’ supply chain and making the security and reliability of the critical systems and networks vulnerable. Current recycled integrated circuit (IC) detection procedures include parametric, functional, and burn-in tests that require golden or reference data. Besides, they are time consuming, require expensive equipment, and do not focus on FPGAs. In this article, we propose two recycled FPGA detection methods based on supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. We develop a sophisticated ring oscillator (RO) design to exploit the degradation of lookup tables (LUTs) and use them in the proposed methods. In the supervised method, a one-class classifier is trained with RO frequencies, kurtosis, and skewness data obtained from unused FPGAs, which differentiates unused and aged FPGAs. The unsupervised method uses $k$ -means clustering and Silhouette value analysis to detect suspect recycled components with very little (if any) golden information. In addition, we introduce a voltage scaling-assisted RO frequency measurement technique that improves the classification. The proposed methods are examined for Spartan-3A and Spartan-6 FPGAs, and the result shows that both methods are effective in detecting recycled FPGAs, which experience accelerated aging for at least 12 h equivalent to 70 days in real-time age." @default.
- W2969597218 created "2019-08-29" @default.
- W2969597218 creator A5009243659 @default.
- W2969597218 creator A5073054890 @default.
- W2969597218 creator A5089205600 @default.
- W2969597218 date "2019-12-01" @default.
- W2969597218 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2969597218 title "Recycled FPGA Detection Using Exhaustive LUT Path Delay Characterization and Voltage Scaling" @default.
- W2969597218 cites W1592930191 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W1968296979 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W1987971958 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W1992413325 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W1993023092 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2005671831 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2007280892 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2037697582 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2040298438 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2043457853 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2053877171 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2070072592 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2081138958 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2096089482 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2097193789 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2097579272 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2100294832 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2104622122 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2106156825 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2116750875 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2118476171 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2141682861 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2150593711 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2152406824 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2158902938 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2167583372 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2170058139 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2171768221 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2517606133 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2520064905 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2527625668 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2571247453 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2588369819 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W2909731427 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W4240190060 @default.
- W2969597218 cites W4243195860 @default.
- W2969597218 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933278" @default.
- W2969597218 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
- W2969597218 type Work @default.
- W2969597218 sameAs 2969597218 @default.
- W2969597218 citedByCount "19" @default.
- W2969597218 countsByYear W29695972182020 @default.
- W2969597218 countsByYear W29695972182021 @default.
- W2969597218 countsByYear W29695972182022 @default.
- W2969597218 countsByYear W29695972182023 @default.
- W2969597218 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2969597218 hasAuthorship W2969597218A5009243659 @default.
- W2969597218 hasAuthorship W2969597218A5073054890 @default.
- W2969597218 hasAuthorship W2969597218A5089205600 @default.
- W2969597218 hasBestOaLocation W29695972181 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C11413529 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C119599485 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C131017901 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C134835016 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C14580979 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C149635348 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C157922185 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C165801399 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C173608175 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C199360897 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C24326235 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C2524010 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C2777735758 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C42935608 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C9390403 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConcept C99844830 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C11413529 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C119599485 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C127413603 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C131017901 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C134835016 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C14580979 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C149635348 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C157922185 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C165801399 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C173608175 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C199360897 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C24326235 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C2524010 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C2777735758 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C33923547 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C41008148 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C42935608 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C9390403 @default.
- W2969597218 hasConceptScore W2969597218C99844830 @default.
- W2969597218 hasFunder F4320306076 @default.
- W2969597218 hasFunder F4320332178 @default.