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- W2970329278 endingPage "134057" @default.
- W2970329278 startingPage "134057" @default.
- W2970329278 abstract "Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants." @default.
- W2970329278 created "2019-09-05" @default.
- W2970329278 creator A5003921816 @default.
- W2970329278 creator A5026196006 @default.
- W2970329278 creator A5044885367 @default.
- W2970329278 creator A5047790506 @default.
- W2970329278 creator A5079265106 @default.
- W2970329278 creator A5080107448 @default.
- W2970329278 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W2970329278 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2970329278 title "Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review" @default.
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