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• W2971569009 abstract "Lawrence C. (Larry) Bliss died peacefully on Sunday, 7 July 2019, in Redmond, Washington, USA. He was born 29 November 1929 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. He was preceded in death by his wife, Gweneth (1930–2018). He is survived by two children, Dwight Bliss (b. 1957) and Karen Demaree (b. 1960); five grandchildren, Andrea Veale (b. 1989), Kevin Bliss (b. 1990), Connor Bliss (b. 1993), David Demaree (d. 1999), and Scott Demaree (b. 2002); and two great-grandchildren, Ada Veale (b. 2016) and Harvey Veale (b. 2018). The Bliss family was uncommonly loving and supportive. Larry and Gwen took great interest, and pride, in their children and grandchildren. Larry grew up in Kent, Ohio, although he spent a considerable amount of time on a nearby family farm. There he learned the value of hard, steady work, and perseverance. We (Fonda and Demaree) have a vivid memory of research in Olympic National Park, for which he sought data on belowground productivity. Many evenings he would sit patiently on the curb, for hours, washing, sieving, and sorting roots and rhizomes from the day's collections in the alpine zone. Larry received his B.S. (1951) and M.S. (1953) from Kent State University, majoring in Botany, with minors in Geography and Geology. He enrolled in 1953 in a Ph.D. program in the Botany Department, Duke University, where he entered the universe of two ecological luminaries: Henry J. Oosting and W. Dwight Billings. He spent the summer of 1953 on the North Slope, Alaska, with a dozen or so other researchers working on the Keys Project. John Cantlon was the senior ecologist on this U. S. Air Force project, which gathered data about Arctic geology, soils, vegetation, and microclimate to aid in interpreting U-2 aerial photography data over Siberia. Cantlon recruited Larry to handle the microclimate stations, and to sample the vegetation around each station. Larry's responsibility stretched from the base of the Brooks Range, to Umiat, to what would eventually become Prudhoe Bay. Familiarity with the Arctic ultimately led to his dissertation topic comparing Arctic and Alpine ecosystems. He was awarded a Ph.D. in 1956. His Ph.D. dissertation, done under the direction of Dwight Billings and published in Ecological Monographs (Bliss 1956), examined the effects of latitude and elevation on microclimates, plant growth, and vegetational structure. His study was unusual in adopting a comparative analysis examining both Arctic and mid-latitude mountain communities. At that time, he explained, there were no coordinated ecological field studies that compared alpine and arctic tundra. As F. A. Bazzaz noted, Bliss's was the first study of such wide scope and detail, and it “served as the basis for much of his extensive work on the ecology of tundra ecosystems in North America” (Bazzaz 1982). Larry served on the faculty of four universities. He was Instructor in Biology at Bowling Green State University (1956–1957) and then joined the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, as Instructor of Botany in 1957, moving through the ranks of Assistant Professor (1958–1961), Associate Professor (1961–1966), and Professor (1966–1968). In 1968, he was appointed Professor of Botany at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, where he was also director of the university's newly built Controlled Environment Facility. He remained at the University of Alberta until 1978, when he accepted a position as Professor of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, where he served as the Department Chair from 1978 to 1987. He retired in 1994 and became Emeritus Professor at the University of Washington in 1995. During those years, he was active in the Ecological Society of America, serving on committees, and serving as Treasurer, Vice-President, and President (1982–1983). As ESA's President, he oversaw the creation of the Public Affairs Office in Washington, D. C., a move designed to give the Society a presence in Washington and promote better use of ecological expertise in policy decisions. Alpine research on Mount Washington, New Hampshire, was the landmark event in Larry's professional life. Despite the brilliance of his dissertation (Bliss 1956), the later work on Mount Washington cemented his reputation for designing, conducting, and analyzing research independently from a major professor. When the Mount Washington work was complete (Bliss 1963), Larry was a well-known, respected, and trusted researcher. His 1963 article on the alpine vegetation of the Presidential Range, New Hampshire, started by noting that mosaic patterns of vegetation were easier to observe in tundra landscapes as compared with forests. The alpine communities in the Presidential Range lent themselves exceptionally well to detailed studies of plant species distribution in relation to diverse typography and microclimate. From then on, he could pretty much write his own ticket, which he did with large-scale projects in the Olympic Mountains, Washington (Fonda and Bliss 1969, Kuramoto and Bliss 1970), a Fulbright Award to New Zealand (Mark and Bliss 1970, Bliss and Mark 1974), and the massive International Biological Program biome project located on Devon Island, in the Canadian High Arctic (Bliss 1977, Bliss and Svoboda 1984, Bliss et al. 1984, Anderson and Bliss 1998). With a Fulbright Research Scholarship from the U.S. Educational Foundation in New Zealand in 1963–1964, Larry spent a sabbatical year in New Zealand, where he made an extensive study of the high alpine tundra-like vegetation of central Otago. During the mid-1960s, American ecologists were also engaged in planning for the International Biological Program (IBP), and in 1965, various subcommittees were formed to explore different ways to address one of the main themes of the Program, which focused on biological productivity in different environments (Golley 1993). Larry was on the subcommittee for terrestrial production, which was chaired by Eugene Odum. Other members were Robert Whittaker (Brookhaven National Laboratory), Frank Pitelka (University of California, Berkeley), and George Van Dyne (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). Their joint report, presented to a meeting of interested ecologists in October of 1966, laid out an expanded view of ecosystem-level research and emphasized cooperative relations between terrestrial and freshwater production groups. This emphasis reflected Odum's vision of studying landscapes as ecosystems, which meant looking at large areas that contained both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Larry agreed with Odum's idea of unifying the two subcommittees within this larger ecosystem perspective. In 1966, Larry took over from Odum as chair of the terrestrial productivity group, and the program developed rapidly over the next couple of years. By the time the U.S. biome studies were getting started in 1968, Larry had moved to the University of Alberta, and there he became involved in one of Canada's major contributions to the IBP, a study of an arctic ecosystem at Truelove Lowland, on Devon Island, one of the major islands in the Canadian northern archipelago. Larry was largely responsible for coordinating this interdisciplinary project, involving 66 researchers over a five-year period. Field research took place from 1970 to 1974, with synthesis activities in 1974 and 1975. The synthesis volume that Larry edited was published in 1977 as Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, Canada: A High Arctic Ecosystem. It drew praise from one reviewer for being an important benchmark in the knowledge of productivity and energy flow in the world's natural ecosystems (Banfield 1979). The Devon Island research was also discussed in the 1981 volume Tundra Ecosystems: A Comparative Analysis, which brought together the research from all 10 countries involved in the IBP tundra project (Bliss et al. 1981). During his time in Canada, Larry also worked extensively on problems of applied ecology, especially in connection with the impact of gas and petroleum exploration on northern ecosystems. Larry was a committed conservationist. In an article published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 1970, he drew attention to the importance of conserving arctic ecosystems (Bliss 1970). As he noted in the 1981 IBP volume, funding for ecological research related to petroleum discoveries paralleled the beginning of the IBP both in the United States and in Canada, and both industrial as well as government funding paid for ecosystem and applied research conducted under IBP sponsorship. During the 1970s, Larry and his students studied the initial and long-term effects of crude oil contamination on the low-arctic ecosystems of the Mackenzie River Delta in northwestern Canada. As he and his coauthors pointed out in a review article published in 1973, most attention up to that time was focused on the structure and function of ecosystems, but there were relatively little data on the effects of perturbation, including not only perturbations due to industrial development, but also due to changes in native Inuit hunting practices (Bliss et al. 1973). From 1975 to 1978, Larry directed a revegetation modeling study of the Alberta Oil Sands, to assess the performance of vegetation on mined sands. This project combined field work with intensive laboratory and greenhouse studies. In his past-presidential address to the Ecological Society of America (Bliss 1984), he discussed his entry into applied ecology, reflecting on the challenges of building trust between different constituencies and providing objective assessments of environmental impacts of such activities as building pipelines. After moving from Alberta to the University of Washington in 1978, Larry continued his pursuit of arctic and alpine ecology. Studies of ecological succession on Truelove Lowland in northern Canada continued in collaboration with University of Washington scientists and students. Research in Washington state involved studies of the recolonization of vegetation and the mechanisms of primary succession after the 1980 volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens (Bliss and del Moral 1993). In 1990, Larry participated in a workshop at the Kellogg Biological Station in Michigan that brought together tundra specialists from nine countries to discuss designing an International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) to monitor the responses of vascular plant species in tundra environments to climate change. This project was done under the auspices of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere—Northern Sciences Network. Larry, along with Russian collaborators Nadezhda Matveyeva and Yuri Chernov, undertook some of the initial ITEX field observations. During this time, he also published general articles on arctic ecology both for scientific and lay audiences: He contributed to the “Tundra” article for the Encyclopedia Britannica, and with Matveyeva published an overview of the ecology of circumpolar arctic regions (Bliss and Mateyeva 1992). Over his 38-yr research career, Larry was awarded grants totaling $5.06 million. Not only did these grants support grand, well-designed research projects, but also they supported graduate students that totaled 34 MS and 39 PhD degrees. A great many research projects and publications downstream from the original research (i.e., students of his students) profited from Larry's vision and grantsmanship. He preferred to center his research on geographic locations for which the fundamental ecology had garnered little to no previous research attention. Larry's Arctic and alpine research, in particular, was notable for its global reach, through rich collaborations he developed with colleagues in Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, and New Zealand, among others. The success of all of these projects depended on Larry's most outstanding trait: leadership. They involved many students, and Larry's hands-off style of leadership left the onus of designing the project, conducting the research, analyzing the data, and writing the articles to the students or colleagues themselves. In each geographic region, he had his own research to attend to; he seldom got into the field with his students merely to check on how they were doing. But rather, he enthusiastically joined students and colleagues in the discipline and joy of time spent in his many outdoor laboratories. Without going into further detail, these six personality traits clearly defined the man and mentor: patience, pragmatic, determined, big-hearted, trusting, and forward-looking. Rich Fonda notes that it was truly a joy and reward to work with Larry Bliss. Over the course of his splendid career, knowledge of the ecological world increased dramatically, and the benefits still are being realized. Larry Bliss was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America. He received a Special Achievement Award from Kent State University in 1986." @default.
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• W2971569009 title "Resolution of Respect: Lawrence C. Bliss (1929‐2019)" @default.
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