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• W2971784251 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 1First Report of Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Infecting Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Rwanda PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Infecting Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in RwandaI. Niragire, M. Couvreur, G. Karssen, B. Uwumukiza, and W. BertI. NiragireNematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, BelgiumMinistry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Kigali, RwandaSearch for more papers by this author, M. CouvreurNematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author, G. KarssenNational Plant Protection Organization, 6706 EA Wageningen, The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, B. UwumukizaMinistry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Kigali, RwandaSearch for more papers by this author, and W. Bert†Corresponding author: W. Bert; E-mail Address: wim.bert@ugent.behttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-412XNematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations I. Niragire1 2 M. Couvreur1 G. Karssen3 B. Uwumukiza2 W. Bert1 † 1Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, Belgium 2Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Kigali, Rwanda 3National Plant Protection Organization, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands Published Online:11 Nov 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0891-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Rwanda is among the top 10 producers of potatoes in Africa, with a production area of an estimated 106,263 ha. Nevertheless, their crop yield remains very low due to various factors, including pests and diseases. The potato cyst nematode is one of most important pests of potato worldwide, with the potential to cause more than 70% yield losses (Turner and Subbotin 2006). At present, only limited research on the nematodes associated with potato in Rwanda has been conducted, and their diversity and potential impact on crops remain poorly documented. During a survey conducted in August 2017 to characterize the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato in Rwanda, rounded cysts were found in four of the 10 samples collected, following extraction using the Baunacke (1922) method. The highest density of cysts (89 cysts/100 cm3 of soil) was found in Rubavu (1°36′43.29″S, 29°26′16.7″E), and lower densities of 17, 8, and 7 cysts/100 cm3 of soil were recorded in Musanze (1°27′31.4″S, 29°31′16.0″E), Rubavu (1°35′52.4″S, 29°23′03.3″E), and Burera (1°23′00.6″S, 29°48′00.9″E) districts, respectively. The nematodes (cysts and second-stage juveniles) were morphologically identified as Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959. Cysts were brown in color, spherically shaped with a protruded neck, and circumfenestrate without bullae; the Granek’s ratio ranged from 3.5 to 4.5. Second-stage juveniles were 409 (398 to 437) µm long with a slightly C-shaped body after fixation, tapering at the posterior end and with four lateral lines; labial region slightly offset, anteriorly rounded; stylet well developed, 20.6 (19 to 22) µm long with rounded knobs; tail 46 (42.3 to 51.1) µm long with a prominent hyaline tail part of 25.9 (21.8 to 32.2) µm long, with a finely rounded to pointed terminus. The morphological identification was confirmed by ITS rDNA sequence data (GenBank accession codes: MK758068, MK758069, MK758070, and MK758071) following Singh et al. (2018) with AB28 and TW81 primers as described by Joyce et al. (1994). With Bayesian inferences, the Rwandan population formed a maximally supported clade together with other G. rostochiensis populations. The Rwandan sequences were found to be 99.8 to 100% (0 to 2 nucleotides difference) identical to G. rostochiensis from Serbia (HM159430 and KR057953). To confirm the host suitability of this species, potatoes of the Musanze farm were resampled in October 2018. The potato plants presented small tubers, and close examination of the root system revealed tiny yellow and brownish cysts attached to the roots. These cysts were subsequently extracted, with five being crushed and inoculated on potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Kinigi in separate sealed containers with 200 cm3 of sterile sand and 30 ml of water (Foot 1977). The reproduction factor after 120 days was 16 ± 6, indicating that Kinigi, the leading potato variety in Rwanda, represents a suitable host for the recovered G. rostochiensis population. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded finding of G. rostochiensis in Rwanda. This species is a pest of quarantine importance in many countries, including Rwanda, and its presence has also recently been reported in Kenya (Mwangi et al. 2015). Because the present study was based solely on a limited number of samples, it is clear that a more detailed study is urgently required in order to investigate the distribution of G. rostochiensis and to assess its potential economic impact on Rwandan potato production.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Baunacke, W. 1922. Arb. Bio. Riechanstalt Land- Forstwirtsch, Berlin 11:185. Google ScholarFoot, M. A. 1977. N. Z. J. Zool. 4:183. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1977.9517951 Crossref, Google ScholarJoyce, S. A. et al. 1994. Page 178 in COST 812: Biotechnology. Genetics of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Bacterium Complexes. European Commission, Luxembourg. Google ScholarMwangi, J. M., et al. 2015. New Dis. Rep. 31:18. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2015.031.018 Crossref, Google ScholarSingh, P. R., et al. 2018. Nematology 20:781. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003175 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTurner, S. J., and Subbotin, S. A. 2006. Page 110 in: Plant Nematology, 2nd Ed. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by VLIR-UOS (VLIR-UOS ICP scholarship).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 1 January 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionStrawberry plant showing leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis FANS-1 (Bajpai et al.). Photo credit: B. Prithiviraj. Plasmopara velutina causing downy mildew on Impatiens balsamina (R. M. Silva et al.). Photo credit: R. W. Barreto. Metrics Downloaded 2,909 times Article History Issue Date: 2 Jan 2020Published: 11 Nov 2019First Look: 3 Sep 2019Accepted: 27 Aug 2019 Page: 293 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingVLIR-UOSGrant/Award Number: VLIR-UOS ICP scholarshipKeywordsnematodesfield cropspathogen detectionquarantineITS rDNAThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByWrap-and-plant technology to manage sustainably potato cyst nematodes in East Africa28 February 2022 | Nature Sustainability, Vol. 56Biology and Management of Nematodes in Potato17 March 2022Potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G . pallida11 March 2021 | Molecular Plant Pathology, Vol. 22, No. 5Integrative Morphometric and Molecular Approach to Update the Impact and Distribution of Potato Cyst Nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in Algeria16 February 2021 | Pathogens, Vol. 10, No. 2Biology, pathotype, and virulence of Globodera rostochiensis populations from Kenya1 January 2021 | Journal of Nematology, Vol. 0, No. 0Potato Cyst Nematodes: Geographical Distribution, Phylogenetic Relationships and Integrated Pest Management Outcomes in Portugal17 December 2020 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11Mediation of Potato–Potato Cyst Nematode, G. rostochiensis Interaction by Specific Root Exudate Compounds10 June 2020 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11" @default.
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