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• W2973185503 abstract "Our previous reports demonstrated the higher biological effects compared to the physical dose at the distal SOBP end of passive scattering proton therapy in cultured cells. However, the difference between spot scanning and passive scattering beams remains unclear. It is also unclear whether similar distal end enhancement occurs in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of spot scanning and passive scattering proton therapy at the distal end region of SOBP using single cells and multicell spheroids. Physical and biological doses of spot scanning and passive scattering beams were determined from cell survival curves in EMT6 single cells irradiated with 6 Gy at various positions. V79 spheroids with a uniform size were obtained using Corning round bottom ultra-low attachment spheroid microplate plates. Approximately 5000 cells were seeded in each well, and the spheroids were irradiated 7-10 days after seeding. Thereafter, the supernatant was removed, and the spheroids were rinsed with PBS and disaggregated with trypsin. Dose-survival curves of passive scattering beams at SOBP and 6-MV X rays at 0-21Gy were investigated in spheroids, and then RBE values were estimated. Biological effects of spot scanning and passive scattering beams at 6 points of the distal end region of SOBP were also investigated using spheroids irradiated with 15 Gy. All experiments comparing protons and X rays were performed under the same biological conditions. In EMT6 single cells, biological doses of both types of proton beams at the distal end were higher than physical doses (P<0.05). Spot scanning beams had up to 20% higher biological doses than passive scattering beams at the distal end (P<0.05). Survival curves of the spheroids had two components for both passive scattering proton and X-ray beams. At doses higher than 15 Gy, the curves tended to be straight. The RBE values of passive scattering proton beams in V79 spheroids were about 1.0. The biological doses at the distal end were up to 49% and 36% higher than physical doses in spot scanning and passive scattering beams, respectively. In V79 spheroids, the biological doses of spot scanning beams were higher than those of passive scattering beams (P<0.05). This is the first study on biological doses of spot scanning proton therapy compared with passive scattering proton therapy at the distal end region in single cells and spheroids. In V79 spheroids, the effects of proton irradiation were higher than expected from measured physical doses at the distal end of SOBP, similar to those seen in EMT6 single cells. For intensity-modulated proton therapy, it is necessary to develop proton therapy systems that take biological effects at distal end into consideration." @default.
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• W2973185503 date "2019-09-01" @default.
• W2973185503 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2973185503 title "Biological Effects of Spot Scanning and Passive Scattering Proton Beams at the Distal End of the Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) in Single Cells and Multicell Spheroids" @default.
• W2973185503 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1112" @default.
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