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• W2977275263 abstract "To know the neural processes linked to the activity of brain circuits in order to understand the consequences of their dysfunction and their role in the development of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The activity of neuronal circuits is the neurobiological basis of behavior and mental activity (emotions, memory and thoughts). The processes of differentiation of neural cells and the formation of circuits by synaptic contacts between neurons (synaptogenesis) occur in the central nervous system during the late stages of prenatal development and the first months after birth. ASD and ADHD share biological features, mainly related to alterations in brain circuits and synaptic function, which allow us to treat them scientifically together. From the neurobiological aspect, ASD and ADHD are manifestations of anomalies in the formation of circuits and synaptic contacts in the brain regions involved in social behavior, and especially in the prefrontal cerebral cortex. These anomalies are caused by mutations in genes involved synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, regulation of dendritic spine morphology, synaptic cytoskeletal organization, synthesis and degradation of synaptic proteins, and control of excitatory and inhibitory balance in the synaptic function.ASD and ADHD are functional alterations of the cerebral cortex, which present structural anomalies in the arrangement of neurons, in the pattern of connections of cortical columns and in the structure of dendritic spines. These alterations affect mainly the prefrontal cortex and its connections.Bases neurobiologicas del trastorno del espectro autista y del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: diferenciacion neural y sinaptogenesis.Objetivo. Conocer los procesos neurales ligados a la formacion de sinapsis y circuitos cerebrales para entender su papel en las enfermedades del neurodesarrollo, como el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH). Desarrollo. La actividad de los circuitos neuronales es la base neurobiologica de la conducta y la actividad mental (emociones, memoria y pensamientos). Los procesos de diferenciacion de las celulas neurales y la formacion de circuitos por contactos sinapticos entre neuronas (sinaptogenesis) ocurren en el sistema nervioso central durante las ultimas fases del desarrollo prenatal y los primeros meses despues del nacimiento. Los TEA y el TDAH comparten rasgos biologicos, relacionados con alteraciones en los circuitos cerebrales y la funcion sinaptica, que permiten tratarlos cientificamente de forma conjunta. Desde el aspecto neurobiologico, el TEA y el TDAH son manifestaciones de anomalias en la formacion de circuitos y contactos sinapticos en regiones cerebrales implicadas en la conducta social, especialmente en la corteza cerebral prefrontal. Estas anomalias son causadas por mutaciones en genes involucrados en la formacion de sinapsis y plasticidad sinaptica, la regulacion de la morfologia de las espinas dendriticas, la organizacion del citoesqueleto y el control del equilibrio excitador e inhibidor en la sinapsis. Conclusiones. El TEA y el TDAH son alteraciones funcionales de la corteza cerebral, que presenta anomalias estructurales en la disposicion de las neuronas, en el patron de conexiones de las columnas corticales y en la estructura de las espinas dendriticas. Estas alteraciones afectan fundamentalmente a la corteza prefrontal y sus conexiones." @default.
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• W2977275263 date "2018-03-01" @default.
• W2977275263 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2977275263 title "[Neurobiological bases of autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: neural differentiation and synaptogenesis]." @default.
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