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- W2977675093 abstract "Microglia integrate genomic and genetic alterations, as well as local microenvironment and systemic signals, to establish new functional states that modify neurologic diseases. Transcriptional profiling has revealed several different microglia populations/states with distinct functional properties. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern microglia adaptation and plasticity may lead to the development of targeted therapies for a broad range of neurologic disorders. Originally hypothesized to function solely as immunologic responders within the central nervous system (CNS), emerging evidence has revealed that microglia have more complex roles in normal brain development and in the context of disease. In health, microglia influence neural progenitor fate decisions, astrocyte activation, neuronal homeostasis, and synaptogenesis. In the setting of brain disease, including autism, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders, microglia undergo substantial morphological, molecular, and functional changes, which establish new biological states relevant to disease pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we discuss the function of microglia in health and disease and outline a conceptual framework for elucidating their specific contributions to nervous system pathobiology. Originally hypothesized to function solely as immunologic responders within the central nervous system (CNS), emerging evidence has revealed that microglia have more complex roles in normal brain development and in the context of disease. In health, microglia influence neural progenitor fate decisions, astrocyte activation, neuronal homeostasis, and synaptogenesis. In the setting of brain disease, including autism, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders, microglia undergo substantial morphological, molecular, and functional changes, which establish new biological states relevant to disease pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we discuss the function of microglia in health and disease and outline a conceptual framework for elucidating their specific contributions to nervous system pathobiology. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 7. A gene encoding a protein involved in lipid homeostasis that is expressed predominantly in myeloid/lymphatic tissues. gene encoding apolipoprotein E, a protein that binds to lipids and cholesterol. AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. A protein in the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily involved in signal transduction from extracellular matrix to regulate growth, migration, aggregation, and inflammation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. A chemokine implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocyte infiltration. C-C motif chemokine ligand 5. A chemokine that functions as a chemoattractant for monocytes, memory T helper cells, and eosinophils. C-C motif chemokine receptor 2. Encodes a protein that acts as a receptor for the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a chemokine mediating monocyte chemotaxis. integrin subunit alpha M. A cell surface protein that combines with integrin beta 2 chain to form a leukocyte-specific integrin, macrophage receptor 1. sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3. A transmembrane receptor expressed in myeloid cells. gene encoding a membrane protein that increases intracellular calcium after cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. encodes a protein that associates with MHC class II molecules to regulate antigen presentation. Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2. Protein involved in embryonic development and Wnt signaling pathway. estrogen steroid hormone involved in female secondary sexual characteristics and the female reproductive cycle. glycoprotein nmb. A transmembrane glycoprotein homologous to a melanocyte protein, possibly involved in growth regulation. galectin 3. Carbohydrate-binding protein involved in apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion, and T cell regulation. membrane-spanning 4A. Encodes a transmembrane protein that is likely involved in olfactory perception in mice. An inflammatory mediator generated by COX2. receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, Kit, and Flt3. Reduces the number of tissue macrophages. transcription factor that acts as a lymphoid-specific enhancer. spalt like transcription factor 1. Zinc-finger protein involved in embryonic development, but exact function of this protein is unknown. spalt like transcription factor 3. Zinc-finger protein involved in embryonic development, but exact function of this protein is unknown. signal-regulatory protein alpha. Membrane glycoprotein that interacts with CD47 to inhibit cellular destruction by immune cells. secreted phosphoprotein 1; osteopontin. Protein involved in the attachment of osteoclasts to bone and the regulation of IL-12 expression. a region of the brain located in close proximity to the brain ventricles, containing neural stem cells and astroglial progenitors. triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2. A cell surface protein expressed by myeloid cells that interacts with TYROBP to regulate cell growth and inflammatory responses to injury or disease." @default.
- W2977675093 created "2019-10-10" @default.
- W2977675093 creator A5066074248 @default.
- W2977675093 creator A5081965993 @default.
- W2977675093 date "2019-11-01" @default.
- W2977675093 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W2977675093 title "Microglia as Dynamic Cellular Mediators of Brain Function" @default.
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