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- W2978273682 abstract "Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Syndrome, also known as Cast syndrome or Wilkie syndrome, is an acutely presenting condition of nausea and intractable bilious vomiting due to compression of the transverse duodenum by the overlying superior mesenteric artery (SMA) typically as a result of recent weight loss and a thinning of the mesenteric fat pad. This mechanical obstruction results in radiographic megaduodenum and stomach dilation due to retention of bowel contents and a visible aorto-mesenteric angle ≤ 25°. We report a 30 year-old Persian male with a history of opiate, benzodiazepine, marijuana and tobacco abuse resulting in an 80 pound weight loss over the last 5 years, the last 40 pounds lost in the past year. He presented with mild nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and chest pain. He was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax, acute kidney injury and drug withdrawal after positive urine drug screen of the aforementioned substances. Later on during this admission, nausea and copious bilious vomiting began, thought to be due to viral gastroenteritis and associated with leukocytosis. After considering recent weight loss, lack of diarrhea and emaciated appearance, CT angiography of the abdomen was done, confirming suspected SMA syndrome with duodenal compression and SMA-aortic angle of approximately 20, figure (1) and (2). Symptoms resolved immediately with positional eating in left lateral decubitus and prone positions with nasogastric suction. Patient was discharged two days after tolerating full diet. Although the majority of reported cases in literature are associated with rapid weight loss, other confounding variables such as drug use, socioeconomic factors, recent orthopedic surgeries and psychiatric disorders lead to challenges in diagnosis. SMA syndrome is rare with limited reported cases since it was first descried in 1842. Urgent radiologic diagnosis is imperative. With the initial medical management of SMA syndrome being positional eating, quick diagnosis may lead to decreased hospital stays and better outcomes. Patients may need gastric decompression, fluid resuscitation and correction of electrolyte abnormalities. Inirial therapy includes weight loss reversal, which may be through enteral nutritional support but some patients may require parenteral nutrition. This case highlights the high index of suspicion needed to make the proper diagnosis of SMA syndrome in patients with comorbidities and/or confounding symptomatology.Figure 1Figure 2" @default.
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- W2978273682 date "2016-10-01" @default.
- W2978273682 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2978273682 title "Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Case of Mistaken Identity" @default.
- W2978273682 doi "https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201610001-02192" @default.
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