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• W2978460140 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION Trademark law has long regulated use of words and symbols that identify sources of goods or services, and since 1905, federal government has provided for registration of trademarks used in interstate and foreign commerce. (1) Federal trademark legislation and judicial doctrines comprehensively regulate scope of trademark rights and mechanisms for their enforcement. Much of federal trademark law is concerned with what types of marks may or may not be registered. One of longstanding grounds for denying registration was subject of case analyzed by this Note. In December 2015, U.S. Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit held that a provision of federal trademark law was unconstitutional because it violated First Amendment, despite fact that this provision had been on books and regularly applied for over seventy years. In doing so, it overruled an important precedent that Federal Circuit had reaffirmed on more than one occasion. Part II discusses case's factual and procedural background. Part III provides background on relevant aspects of federal trademark law governing registration and constitutional doctrines relevant to instant decision. Part IV lays out court's decision and its reasoning. Finally, Part V critiques majority's analysis, particularly its application of doctrine of unconstitutional conditions. It then argues that, under legal doctrines relied upon by majority, section 2(a) of Lanham Act is constitutional. II. FACTS AND HOLDING Simon Shao Tam is founder and front man for Asian-American dance-rock band THE SLANTS. (2) He chose name because of his Asian heritage, his desire to reclaim and take ownership of Asian stereotypes, and because band drew inspiration from childhood slurs and mocking nursery rhymes (about Asian Americans). (3) Tam applied for registration of his mark with U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), but trademark examiner denied registration under section 2(a) of Lanham Act, finding mark likely referred or would be perceived as referring to people of Asian descent in a disparaging way, explaining that term slants had historically been used to deride and mock a physical feature (the eyes) of people of Asian descent. (4) Tam appealed to Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB), (5) arguing that his mark was not disparaging. (6) The TTAB affirmed examiner's decision, finding that mark likely referred to persons of Asian descent and that a of such persons would find mark disparaging. (7) The TTAB also stated that its decision merely denied placement on register and did not restrict Tam's right to use mark. (8) Tam appealed TTAB's denial to U.S. Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit, arguing that: (1) THE SLANTS was not disparaging of Asian-Americans, (2) section 2(a) was an unconstitutional abridgment of Tam's free speech rights under First Amendment, and (3) section 2(a) was unconstitutionally vague. (9) The Federal Circuit affirmed TTAB's decision, concluding that substantial evidence supported finding that THE SLANTS was disparaging or would be perceived as disparaging by a substantial composite of persons of Asian descent. (10) Turning to Tam's constitutional challenge, panel held that binding precedent foreclosed his First Amendment claim and rejected his vagueness claim. (11) In a separate concurring opinion, Judge Moore called on Federal Circuit to rehear case en banc to revisit its existing precedent holding that refusing to register a trademark does not violate First Amendment. (12) She then spent ten pages--in a preview of her opinion for majority in instant case--arguing that section 2(a) was unconstitutional. (13) One week after panel's opinion was issued, Federal Circuit voted sua sponte to vacate panel opinion, setting case for reargument before en banc court to decide if the bar on registration of disparaging trademarks in [section 2(a)] violate[s] First Amendment. …" @default.
• W2978460140 created "2019-10-10" @default.
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• W2978460140 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2978460140 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2978460140 title "Slanting Trademark Choices in the Right Direction: Why Section 2(a) of the Lanham Act Promotes the Interests of Consumers" @default.
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