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- W2980493691 abstract "Holocentric chromosomes are characterised by the presence of kinetochoric activity along the chromosome length. This atypical chromosomal architecture has evolved independently in a wide array of lineages across the tree of life. Different mechanisms have been developed to overcome meiotic problems posed by holocentry, such as inverted meiosis and restricted kinetochore activity. Although holocentric karyotypes present potential advantages through the fission and fusion events that characterise chromosome evolution in several holocentric lineages, there is no consistent evidence of increased diversification rates in holocentric lineages relative to monocentric lineages. The extended kinetochore in holocentric chromosomes has been hypothesised to enable a unique type of meiotic drive, ‘holocentric drive’, analogous to the meiotic drive of monocentric chromosomes. However, much research remains to understand holocentrism, especially elucidating the mechanism and evolutionary implications of meiosis in unrelated holocentric lineages. Key Concepts Monocentric chromosomes are distinct from holocentric chromosomes during mitotic segregation, in which chromosomes generally adopt a V shape in the former and segregate parallel to the equatorial plate in the latter. Holocentric chromosomes are present in distantly related plant and animal lineages, suggesting several independent origins of holocentry. Monocentry appears to be ancestral in eukaryotes, and evolutionary transitions appear to have occurred from monocentric to holocentric, and vice versa. Reversions from holocentric to monocentric chromosomes appear to have occurred more frequently than transitions from monocentry to holocentry. Although holocentric chromosomes would seem like an adaptive advantage, there is no clear pattern when compared to monocentric lineages, as both types could present different evolutionary advantages." @default.
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- W2980493691 date "2019-10-15" @default.
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- W2980493691 title "Karyotype Evolution in Holocentric Organisms" @default.
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