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- W2986516 abstract "activity in the demineralization of water and in installation of new plants is going forward at an accelerating rate. Whereas 5 years ago the aggregate worldwide capacity of land-based distilling plants was about 5 mgd, the present capacity is more than 11 mgd and it is possible that 6-10 mgd will be added in the next 5 years. Likewise, the installed capacity of electrodialysis plants less than 0.1 mgd 5 years ago today is approaching 3 mgd, and has prospects of building up rapidly. Although much of this growth is due to drought and necessity, at least part of it stems from the increased effectiveness of available equipment made possible by the research and development activities of the past few years. Research and development efforts in the United States have set price goals based on the present maximum costs for normal water supplies. Specifically, these are $125 per acre-foot for municipal or domestic uses and $40 per acre-foot for irrigation, or 38 cents and 12? cents per thousand gallons respectively. Distillation and other commercial processes have not yet approached the higher of these figures closely enough to make them practical. Hence, most of the production plants are located outside the United States, in places where fresh water is either totally lacking or far more costly. The few plants in the United States are either connected with power plants where extremely pure water is needed, or where the price being paid for water is many times the figure quoted above. The costs cited for water produced by multieffect distillation have been of the order of $3 per thousand gallons without concurrent electric power generation in the same plant, and $1.75 per thousand gallons with power generation. Research has therefore been" @default.
- W2986516 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2986516 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2986516 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2986516 title "Progress in Saline Water Conversion [with Discussion]" @default.
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