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- W2988302025 startingPage "135159" @default.
- W2988302025 abstract "Electrochemical polarization measurements were combined with surface analysis by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to study the alterations of the passive film on 316 L austenitic stainless steel induced by the presence of chlorides in sulfuric acid electrolyte. The work was performed at a stage of initiation of localized corrosion preceding metastable pitting at the micrometer scale as verified by current transient analysis and AFM. The results show that Cl− ions enter the bilayer structure of the surface oxide already formed in the native oxide-covered initial surface state at concentrations below the detection limit of XPS (<0.5 at%), mostly in the hydroxide outer layer where Fe(III) and Mo(IV,VI) species are concentrated but barely in the oxide inner layer enriched in Cr(III). Their main effect is to produce a less resistive passive state by poisoning dehydroxylation and further Cr(III) and Mo(IV,VI) enrichments obtained in the absence of chlorides. This detrimental effect can be suppressed by pre-passivation in a Cl−-free electrolyte, which blocks the entry of chlorides in the passive film, including in the outer exchange layer, and enables the beneficial aging-induced variations of the composition to take place despite the presence of chlorides in the environment." @default.
- W2988302025 created "2019-11-22" @default.
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- W2988302025 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W2988302025 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2988302025 title "Chloride-induced alterations of the passive film on 316L stainless steel and blocking effect of pre-passivation" @default.
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- W2988302025 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135159" @default.
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