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• W2988341959 endingPage "105903" @default.
• W2988341959 startingPage "105903" @default.
• W2988341959 abstract "Protected areas are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation, yet the relative effectiveness of different conservation models is often unknown. Here, we describe seasonal population densities and associated annual population changes of ten wildlife species (elephant, giraffe, zebra, wildebeest, waterbuck, warthog, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, and Kirk’s dik-dik) in four protected areas in northern Tanzania over eight years and test two hypotheses: (1) annual wildlife population changes are positively correlated with conservation status; and, (2) relationships between annual population changes and protected area status are mediated by species’ body mass. We carried out wildlife surveys from late 2011 to the end of 2018 and estimated wildlife densities in a line distance sampling framework. The majority of species occurred at high densities in fully protected areas, and larger-bodied species occurred at low densities or were absent in the least protected area. We estimated annual species- and area-specific population changes with generalized linear mixed effects that accounted for seasonal variation in this ecosystem. Using multi-model comparisons, we did not find evidence that annual population changes were correlated with body mass. However, species- and area-specific population changes appeared to vary by species and area, but were not consistently associated with protection status. Wildlife populations in Tarangire National Park and two human-dominated areas showed mainly stable or positive population trends, whereas wildlife populations in Lake Manyara National Park appeared to decline during the study period. This ecosystem- and long-term monitoring indicates apparent context-dependent differences in protected area performance within one ecosystem and exemplifies the need for, and challenges of, long-term monitoring in protected areas to guide effective conservation." @default.
• W2988341959 created "2019-11-22" @default.
• W2988341959 creator A5027844245 @default.
• W2988341959 creator A5032145086 @default.
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• W2988341959 creator A5055043145 @default.
• W2988341959 creator A5074634679 @default.
• W2988341959 creator A5083141089 @default.
• W2988341959 date "2020-03-01" @default.
• W2988341959 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2988341959 title "Wildlife population trends as indicators of protected area effectiveness in northern Tanzania" @default.
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• W2988341959 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105903" @default.
• W2988341959 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.

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