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• W2989868145 endingPage "34" @default.
• W2989868145 startingPage "1" @default.
• W2989868145 abstract "Chitin consists of large, crystalline nitrogen-containing polysaccharides made of chains of a modified glucose monosaccharide, being N-acetylglucosamine. It is ubiquitously present in the world and has even been reported to be one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, with an estimated annual production of 1011–1014 tons. Chitin serves as template for biomineralization such as calcification and silicification, providing preferential sites for nucleation, and controlling the location and orientation of mineral phases. This phenomenon explains the presence of chitin in solid structures in a variety of biomass such as cell walls of fungi and diatoms and in exoskeletons of Crustaceans. Chitin is present in diverse structures in at least 19 animal phyla besides its presence in bacteria, fungi, and algae. Chitosan is mainly known as a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin that is more water soluble than chitin, and as such is easier to process. For this reason, chitosan—and, in some cases, even more preferably, the relatively small sized (1–10 kDa) chitosan oligomers—are the molecules that are envisioned for multiple applications such as agriculture; water and wastewater treatment; food and beverages; chemicals; feed; cosmetics; and personal care. In addition, chitosan oligomers have been reported as being bioactive, offering potential for application in, for instance, wound dressing and cosmetics. Although chitin and chitosan are versatile and promising biomaterials, the extraction and purification of chitin and its conversion to chitosan (oligomers) require several process steps, and these have been mentioned as bottlenecks that hinder the wider use of the underspent chitin in the world. This chapter intends to provide more information related to (1) the structure of chitin, (2) sources of chitin and chitosan, and (3) their extraction and purification, as well as (4) the conversion of chitin into chitosan." @default.
• W2989868145 created "2019-12-05" @default.
• W2989868145 creator A5000462692 @default.
• W2989868145 creator A5002569414 @default.
• W2989868145 creator A5051372246 @default.
• W2989868145 creator A5052143928 @default.
• W2989868145 date "2019-11-29" @default.
• W2989868145 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W2989868145 title "Sources of Chitin and Chitosan and their Isolation" @default.
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