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• W2991291079 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 3First Report of Race TTRTF of Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Eritrea PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Race TTRTF of Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in EritreaMehran Patpour, Annemarie F. Justesen, Asmelash W. Tecle, Mahboobeh Yazdani, Mohsen Yasaie, and Mogens S. HovmøllerMehran Patpour†Corresponding author: M. Patpour; E-mail Address: mehran.patpour@agro.au.dkhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-2697Global Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author, Annemarie F. JustesenGlobal Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author, Asmelash W. TecleMinistry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Institute, EritreaSearch for more papers by this author, Mahboobeh YazdaniFars Agriculture Organization, IranSearch for more papers by this author, Mohsen YasaieSeed and Plant Improvement Research Dep., Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Shiraz, IranSearch for more papers by this author, and Mogens S. HovmøllerGlobal Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Mehran Patpour1 † Annemarie F. Justesen1 Asmelash W. Tecle2 Mahboobeh Yazdani3 Mohsen Yasaie4 Mogens S. Hovmøller1 1Global Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, Denmark 2Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Institute, Eritrea 3Fars Agriculture Organization, Iran 4Seed and Plant Improvement Research Dep., Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Shiraz, Iran Published Online:7 Jan 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2133-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Race TTRTF of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici was first detected in 2016 in a severe outbreak of wheat stem rust on thousands of hectares of durum and bread wheat in Sicily, Italy (Bhattacharya 2017; Patpour et al. 2018). However, a recent study suggested that TTRTF was already present in Georgia in 2014 (Olivera et al. 2019). During 2016 to 2018, 140 samples of rust-infected wheat and barley were collected from field trials and farmers’ fields in Eritrea and submitted to the Global Rust Reference Center (GRRC), Denmark. Fifty-one urediniospore isolates were derived from 62 samples recovered on the susceptible wheat cultivars Morocco and Line E. Race typing was completed for 40 isolates based on 20 North American wheat lines using the standard race-typing procedures and infection type (IT) criteria determining virulence and avirulence (Jin et al. 2008). All isolates except two, representing 24 sampling sites, were diagnosed as TTRTF, whereas two samples collected from farmers’ fields in Metera and Temajila were identified as TKKTF and TTKSK, respectively. In April 2019, two stem rust samples were collected from wheat in Fars province, Iran. After submission to GRRC, two single-pustule isolates per sample were raised and race typed as described above. All isolates were determined to be race TTRTF, previously reported without data documentation (Roohparvar and Omrani 2018). This is the first report of race TTRTF in Eritrea (2016) and southern Iran (2019). Six isolates of TTRTF from Eritrea and two from Iran were tested for additional virulence using 24 supplementary lines and cultivars containing Sr7a, Sr13a, Sr22, Sr25, Sr26, Sr27, Sr31, Sr32, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44, Sr45, Sr47, SrSatu, Sr1RSAmigo, Sr50, Siouxland (Sr24+31), Sisson (Sr31+36), and Triumph 64 (SrTmp). Durum wheat Iumillo (Sr9g,12,+) and Leeds (Sr9e,13b,+) were also included in the experiment. The results were consistent for all isolates across two to three independent experiments. In summary, TTRTF had virulence for 23 Sr genes (IT 3 or higher): Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9e, Sr9g, Sr10, Sr11, Sr13b, Sr17, Sr21, Sr35, Sr36, Sr37, Sr38, Sr44, Sr45, SrTmp, and SrMcN. Fed*3/Gabo*51BL.1RS-1-1 (Sr50) showed IT 3-3, which is significantly higher than for typical avirulent isolates. Simple sequence repeat genotyping of TTRTF isolates confirmed that they belonged to clade III-B defined by Olivera et al. (2019). The occurrence of TTRTF in Eritrea and Iran in 2016 and 2019, respectively, extends the known distribution of this race (sampling year in parenthesis): Italy (2016), Georgia (2014), Hungary (2017) (Olivera et al. 2019), and Egypt (2015 to 2016) (Esmail and Szabo 2018). TTRTF is considered a serious threat to wheat productivity in affected areas due to a broad virulence spectrum, including virulence to Sr13b from durum wheat and higher than usual IT for Sr50. Detection of TTRTF in different regions since 2014 stresses the high potential of onward spread to new areas and imminent risks for new epidemic outbreaks of wheat stem rust in many countries, because they are highly dependent on wheat as main source for food and feed. There is an urgent need to sustain wheat rust surveillance efforts globally and to identify effective sources of resistance to stem rust in cereal germplasm.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bhattacharya, S. 2017. Nature 542:145. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2017.21424 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarEsmail, S. M., and Szabo, L. J. 2018. In: BGRI 2018 Technical Workshop. http://www.globalrust.org/content/wheat-stem-rust-pathogen-pgt-identification-and-characterization-egypt-using-single. Google ScholarJin, Y., et al. 2008. Plant Dis. 92:923. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0923 Link, ISI, Google ScholarOlivera, P. D., et al. 2019. Phytopathology 109:2152. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-19-0186-R Link, ISI, Google ScholarPatpour, M., et al. 2018. In: BGRI 2018 Technical Workshop. http://www.globalrust.org/content/epidemics-yellow-and-stem-rust-southern-Italy-2016-2017. Google ScholarRoohparvar, R., and Omrani, A. 2018. In: BGRI 2018 Technical Workshop (https://globalrust.org/content/race-analysis-puccinia-graminis-f-sp-tritici-led-identification-new-race-ttktk-affecting). Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Danish Innovation Fund (no. 4105-00022B), European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (no. 773311), and UK Aid from the British People & Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (no. OPP1133199).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 3 March 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPathogenicity of Lasiodiploidia pseudotheobromae in a coffee plant 3 days after inoculation (R. L. Freitas-Lopes et al.). Photo credit: U. P. Lopes. Seedling blight of soybean caused by soilborne pathogens (J. R. Lamichhane et al.). Photo credit: M. I. Chilvers. Metrics Downloaded 3,776 times Article History Issue Date: 3 Mar 2020Published: 7 Jan 2020First Look: 27 Nov 2019Accepted: 22 Nov 2019 Page: 973 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingDanish Innovation FundGrant/Award Number: 4105-00022BEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation ProgramGrant/Award Number: 773311UK Aid from the British People & Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationGrant/Award Number: OPP1133199Keywordspathogen detectioncereal rustblack stem rustemergence raceThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByGenome-Wide Analysis of Four Pathotypes of Wheat Rust Pathogen (Puccinia graminis) Reveals Structural Variations and Diversifying Selection27 August 2021 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 7, No. 9Field resistance to wheat stem rust in durum wheat accessions deposited at the USDA National Small Grains Collection30 May 2021 | Crop Science, Vol. 21Genome-wide association analysis of Mexican bread wheat landraces for resistance to yellow and stem rust29 January 2021 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 16, No. 1Globally Important Wheat Diseases: Status, Challenges, Breeding and Genomic Tools to Enhance Resistance Durability1 September 2021" @default.
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