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• W2991586598 endingPage "109608" @default.
• W2991586598 startingPage "109608" @default.
• W2991586598 abstract "Currently, several kinds of solar cells are developed and among them, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received substantial interest because they have shown panchromatic light absorption capacities using low amounts of earth abundant materials, low exciton recombination rate, high carrier mobility and high solar to electrical power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) which can exceed 22%. In most PSCs, methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 or MAPbI 3 ) semiconductor perovskite is sandwiched between an electron transport material (ETM, n-type material) and a hole transport material (HTM, a p-type material). Two kinds of n-i-p and p-i-n configurations are fabricated which depends on the relative positions of the ETM and HTM layers in the device. The ETM in the n-i-p solar cell is usually a planar or mesoporous TiO 2 thin film in which the perovskite solution is infiltrated. A disadvantage of the n-i-p cell is using very expensive HTM, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Although numerous HTMs have been introduced, spiro-OMeTAD is the most efficient HTM. Nonetheless, spiro-OMeTAD must be ultra-pure to produce high performance and this increases its price which is not cost-effective from economical viewpoint. Additionally, its pristine form performs badly and doping is necessary to improve its hole-mobility and conductivity. Also, the common dopants including 4-tert-butylpyridine, lithium salts and cobalt complex are corrosive and very hygroscopic which result in the device instability. In the p-i-n cells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is extensively utilized as the HTM which is UV-unstable and hydrophilic that makes the device unstable. Furthermore, it is only deposited through solution coating process and shows acidic property that reacts with its underlying transparent conductive oxide. Thus, many attempts have been done to substitute the spiro-OMeTAD with other materials to find HTMs suitable for commercialization of PSCs. In this review, recent researches performed to improve the PCEs of PSCs using different classes of HTMs are studied. • Recent achievements on the HTMs designed for application in PSCs were reviewed. • Several low-cost and easily accessible HTM-free PSCs have so far been fabricated. • Spiro-MeOTAD was the most widely used HTM in PSCs because it yielded high PCEs. • Developing small molecules/polymers as HTMs has attracted great attention. • Metal-phthalocyanines/porphyrines, chlorophylls and inorganic materials were used as HTMs." @default.
• W2991586598 created "2019-12-05" @default.
• W2991586598 creator A5084061843 @default.
• W2991586598 date "2020-03-01" @default.
• W2991586598 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2991586598 title "Recent progress in development of diverse kinds of hole transport materials for the perovskite solar cells: A review" @default.
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