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• W2991775460 abstract "Humans have used fire extensively as a tool to shape Earth’s vegetation. The slash-and-burn destruction of Brazil’s Atlantic forest, which once covered over 1.3 million km2 of present-day Brazil and was one of the largest tropical forest biomes on Earth1, is a prime example. Here, we estimate the amount of black carbon generated by the burning of the Atlantic forest, using historical records of land cover, satellite data and black carbon conversion ratios. We estimate that before 1973, destruction of the Atlantic forest generated 200–500 million tons of black carbon. We then estimate the amount of black carbon exported from this relict forest between 1997 and 2008, using measurements of polycyclic aromatic black carbon collected from a large river draining the region, and a continuous record of river discharge. We show that dissolved black carbon (DBC) continues to be mobilized from the watershed each year in the rainy season, despite the fact that widespread forest burning ceased in 1973. We estimate that the river exports 2,700 tons of DBC to the ocean each year. Scaling our findings up, we estimate that 50,000–70,000 tons of DBC are exported from the former forest each year. We suggest that an increase in black carbon production on land could increase the size of the refractory pool of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean. The tropical Atlantic forest once covered >1.3million km2 of today’s Brazil1 (Fig. 1). The forest was the continuation of the Amazon rainforest with similar species composition and productivity2. Its destruction started with the arrival of the Europeans in the sixteenth century. However, in 1850 more than 95% of its original area remained intact1. In the 1850s, massive clearing started with broadax and firebrand2 and in 1973 less than 15% of the forest was left1. Today, 8% of its original extension remains, mainly as secondary forest distributed over small patches in mountainous regions1. Forest fires produce airborne combustion products and residues on and in the ground. A major part of these residues is charcoal, or black carbon, which by definition is any blackened form of plant material whose chemical structure has been altered as a result of heating by fire3. The wide range of charring temperatures in wildfires produces a continuum of black carbon moieties ranging from slightly altered biopolymers to highly condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds. Owing to their particular chemical and physical properties, the latter can be preserved over centuries and" @default.
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• W2991775460 date "2012-04-01" @default.
• W2991775460 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2991775460 title "Continuous flux of dissolved black carbon from a vanished tropical forest biome" @default.
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