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• W2992218456 abstract "Nestled among the cardinal sins of aviculture, often unseen and dwarfed by the more well known offenders of successful breeding, such as Poor Diet, Inadequate Living Quarters, and Emotional Stress, lies the destructive power of improper spacing between breeding pairs. To gain better insight as to the magnitude of this problem, a review of the basic biology of cavity-nesting birds may be helpful. There is only one open nest builder among the 32 species of parrotlike birds. The single proponent to this form of nest building is the Monk or Quaker Parakeet. Suitable nesting cavities range from rock crevices, sandy bank burrows, abandoned woodpecker holes, rotted tree limbs and chewed out crowns of palm trees. Old rotting tree cavities are by far the most popular nesting place. Most small to mid-sized parrots would fall into the secondary cavity nesters category. That is, the smaller parrots will often occupy tree cavities originally excavated by another bird, perhaps a woodpecker. However, any suitably sized and properly rotted tree branch or trunk will be readily excavated to a suitable size and depth by a pair of home hunting parrots. Central to the behavioral ecology of cavity nesting birds is the recognition that cavities suitable for raising a family are a scarce commodity in the bird's forested surroundings. Strong, healthy forests absorb the dead trees among them, recycling their precious nutrients to be reused by the next generation of green growing things. This mandate to recycle all available nutrients insures that old snag trees and dead large branches will always be scarce and precious commodities. During the non-breeding season, most parrots travel in large, noisy flocks. As the breeding season grows near, the mated pairs split off from the flock to search out that hard to find commodity - a suitable nesting cavity. Older experienced pairs will return to their same nest site. While newly coupled birds are destined to search, often in vain, for the home cavity. However, once adequate housing is located in a housing-shortage environment, the home site is protected and defended with considerable vigor and used over and over again, year after year. This aggressive defense of the nest site is carried over to the domestic aviary environment, as many a bleeding finger will attest. This innate tendency to raise a family in tree hollows, with all the necessary activity of enlarging the entrance hole and remodeling the wooden interior to suit the needs of an expanding family, accounts for the tendency of aviary parrots to chew on wooden perches and unprotected insides of nest boxes that is so often seen immediately prior to egg laying. Wood chewing is indeed an ancient habit among the parrots. The location of the nesting cavity's opening is usually kept secret until the site is secured. The hen will often sneak into the cavity at twilight when a few prying eyes are likely to detect her intentions and give away the location of her prize possession - her home. Nest site spacing between breeding pairs in the wild, then, is determined by the availability of scarce accommodations in the forest environment. This natural scarcity places breeding members of the same species often some considerable distance apart .. However, man-made nest-boxes are seldom a scarce commodity in the aviary ... and there lies the source of the spacing problem. Because non-cavity nesting humans are designing the living quarters of cavity-nesting parrots accustomed to thousands of generations of liberal distances between nest sites, gross miscalculations are often made in the name of conserving space as defined by the non-cavity nester who just happens to be paying the bills for all the necessary facilities in the aviary or bird room. In many cases, space in the bird room is as scarce as the availability of suitable cavities in the natural environment. Therein lies the dilemma. Severe aggression between breeding pairs of the same species forced too close together is most evident during the breeding season when for eons of time a considerable distance would have separated them during this period. Unrelieved aggression in the nesting pair can be misdirected toward a mate, often with disastrous results. (During the non-breeding season, most birds re-flock in their traditional social groups and the level of nest-site defense aggression evaporates.) Competition in nature is most intense between members of the same species. They have the same living requirements and use the same natural resources. Competition is greatly reduced or completely eliminated between members of a different species that do not compete for the same natural commodities. This natural tolerance of different and non-competitive species can be used to an advantage in the bird room. When space is at a premium, alternate species. If you have two or three pair of the same species, space them as far apart as possible with other species placed in between. Further, provide a visual barrier between nest-boxes. Keep the entrance of the nest-box hidden from prying eyes. If this visual barrier is made of heavy fabric, it will also serve as a sound barrier as well. Keep in mind, the bird's assessment of nest site territory encroachment is both visual and auditory! I have noted with alarming regularity the violation of nest site territory caused by breeders inadvertently placing two nesting birds of the same or closely related species too close together and thus greatly contributing to nesting failures. I have even seen breeding cages stacked one on top of the other with no barrier between the upper and lower compartments. The droppings of the luckier upper cage occupants fall through and on the feathered heads below." @default.
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• W2992218456 date "1995-01-01" @default.
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• W2992218456 title "Spacing Requirements of Breeding Parrots" @default.
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