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• W2992343012 abstract "PROBATION: KEY READINGS Edited by George Mair and Judith Rumgay (2014) London: Routledge pp. 542 pbk: 46.99 [pounds sterling] ISBN 978-0-415-67149-1; hbk: 125.00 [pounds sterling] ISBN 978-0-415-67148-4 Probation occupies a crucial central role in the criminal and community justice system in England and Wales. For much of the 20th century, the probation service has operated as a relatively benevolent justice agency which was primarily focused on changing, rather than containing, its service users. As probation moved beyond its centenary, however, the agency was metamorphosing into a different institution to that fashioned by the early community rehabilitation pioneers. An agency which had embraced advising, assisting and befriending its service users was undergoing a perceptible shift towards a culture which privileged compliance, enforcement and actuarial risk assessment. To illuminate and enhance our understanding of the range of factors which have influenced this process, George Mair and Judith Rumgay have compiled and edited an essential collection of 'key readings' and seminal texts on probation. In terms of structure, the material is presented in six sections, each of which is prefaced with an incisive, reflective and analytical introduction by the editors. The first section portrays what is, in essence, the official account of probation's development since its inception, with readings meticulously selected in order to illuminate key policy shifts throughout the century. They range from the groundbreaking Probation of Offenders Act (1907) to the Ministry of Justice's Capacity and Competition Policy for Prison and Probation (2009), via the strategic framework document A New Choreography (National Probation Service, 2001). The Choreography reflected the new model probation service, replete with 'strategic imperatives' and 'stretch objectives', and pinpointed the goal of developing a new organisation 'designed and reconstructed in every way ... We want the image of the Service to be that of a 'hawk-like professional', sharp and keen-eyed.' (National Probation Service, 2001:8). The implication appeared to be that probation was previously insufficiently professional, inadequately focused on risk due to its perceived preoccupation with rehabilitation, and ultimately lacking in 'hawk-like' vigilance. The era of managerialism and risk assessment had arrived. Having explored the official account, Section two reflects a range of alternative perspectives on the history and development of probation and other community sentences. These accounts are always instructive and sometimes fascinating. They include Young's sociological account, which argues that probation developed in 19th century England as a consequence of class relationships. The third section of the book considers a range of theoretical perspectives, not least of which is 'Tailgunner' Parkinson's disarmingly frank account of his practice with service users: 'I give them money.' Parkinson's confession, originally published in 1970, led to his suspension (though following an unprecedented outbreak of common sense he was reinstated). The confident juxtaposition of Parkinson's pragmatic frontline perspective with, for example, the Home Office's Statement of National Objectives and Priorities for Probation (1984) is one of the real strengths of this book, and demonstrates the editors' absolute command of their material. Rather than a dry official account, the reader is left with a strong sense of the editors' vital engagement with the debate about what probation actually does. Section four's focus is on the nuts and bolts of intervention. It delineates a range of approaches to the coal face of practice, including groupwork, drug treatment programmes, day centre work, intensive supervision projects, and all manner of innovative community engagement. This section features Millard, whose elegiac observations on the primacy of reintegrative work in the 1970s offer an authentic flavour of probation's crucial social importance and the nature of frontline practice predating the era of compliance. …" @default.
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• W2992343012 date "2014-12-22" @default.
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• W2992343012 title "Probation: Key Readings" @default.
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